NR 150 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. Review of the syllabusOutline of Current Lecture II. Introduction to resource useIII. Types of marine resourcesa. Physicalb. Marine Energyc. Biologicald. Non-extractive Current LectureI. Things are changinga. Climate is getting warmer and the population of Earth is growingb. By most calculations, we have used more natural resources since 1955 that in all of recorded history up to that pointII. Is there an endless supply of marine resources?a. Human population has grown by 400% in the 20th century, meaning the demand for resources has also grown exponentiallyb. In general, the present level of growth and use of marine resources is unsustainableIII. Types of Marine Resourcesa. Physical resourcesi. Petroleum and natural gas: the most valuable marine resource1. 35% of petroleum and 28% of natural gas resources were taken from the sea bed during 20052. Drilling is much more expensive because it requires offshore drilling platforms and other specialized equipment3. Drilling offshore is much more dangerous than drilling into land and also requires special transport systems for drilled oil to be sent back to landii. Methane hydrate: methane-laced ice crystals1. Mostly exist in shallow sediments, are threatened by exploitation that supplies natural gas to surrounding nationsiii. Sand and gravel:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Ranked second in monetary value to oil and gas resourcesiv. Deep-sea mining:1. Copper, gold, lead, zinc, and rare earth metals (Neodymium, Yttrium, Terbium)v. Salts:1. Gathered from evaporation basins, produces about 1/3 of the world’s table salt2. Multiple kinds of salts that result from the evaporation of ocean water are used in fertilizers, medicines, chemicals, and other productsvi. Freshwater: obtained by desalinization1. Made suitable for drinking by separating pure water from seawater2. Only about 0.017% of Earth’s water is currently available and potable3. Desalinization is very expensive and requires the use of specializedtechnologies to perform distillation, freezing, or reverse osmosisb. Marine Energy resourcesi. Marine energy is the result of the extraction of energy from the movement of the oceanii. Wind:1. Wind farms that trap ocean winds are more consistent than those on land and winds are entirely renewablea. There’s less wear on the windmills because the winds aren’t as gusty and they put less stress on the blades than winds over land2. Wind energy is the fastest growing alternative to fossil fuelsiii. Waves, currents, and tides:1. The movements is used to produce energy 2. Many of these alternatives are not yet available at a competitive price to conventional resourcesc. Biological resourcesi. Living animals: fish, crustaceans, mollusks, etc.1. The ocean’s most valuable biological resource2. Commercial bottom trawling damages bottom-dwelling communitiesii. Plants: mostly kelp and algaeiii. Most of today’s fisheries are unsustainable due to overfishing1. Maximum sustainable yield: the maximum amount of any species that can be harvested without affecting future generations2. Bycatch: the animals that are unintentionally killed while collecting the animals desired, usually for commercial purposesa. Usually exceeds the amount of targeted animalsd. Non-extractive resourcesi. The transport of people and resources via cargo ships and harborsii. Recreation activities including boating, scuba diving, cruises, etc.iii. Waste disposal and pollutants1. The large volume of the ocean and it’s consistent motion dissipates most