NR 150 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. All life on Earth is fundamentally the same, it’s just packaged in different waysII. Three Domains of LifeIII. Modern System of Biological ClassificationIV. The flow of energy through living systemsV. Primary producers synthesize organic materialVI. Photosynthesis depends on lightVII. Primary productivity of the oceanVIII. Trophic PyramidIX. The role of bacteriaX. Classification of Marine Environments by locationXI. Pelagic communities occupy the open oceanXII. Dissolved nutrients are required for the production of organic matterOutline of Current Lecture XIII. Arthropods (shrimp, crab, copepod, lobster) most successful animal group on EarthXIV. Mollusks (squids and octopuses)XV. Two types of fishXVI. Thermoregulation in fishXVII. Fish are successful because of unique adaptationsXVIII. Creatures of the depthCurrent LectureI. Arthropods (shrimp, crab, copepod, lobster) most successful animal group on Eartha. ExoskeletonThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Protectionii. Colorationiii. Waterproofiv. Muscles attached to exoskeleton moves appendagesb. Pistol shrimpi. Loudest animal in the oceanii. 1-2 inches longiii. Snaps claw to form a cavitation bubble1. Bubble can reach 60 mph2. Sonoluminesence (when the bubble collapses, it reaches the temperature of the sun)II. Mollusks (squids and octopuses)a. Giant squids live in deep ocean and are rarely caughti. Often eaten by sperm whalesb. Octopusi. Greater blue-ringed octopus is the most dangerous animal1. There is no antivenom available, very deadlyIII. Two types of fisha. Bonyi. Most abundant and successful fishii. About 30000 speciesiii. All have gillsiv. Most are ectothermic (col blooded)v. Some species such as tuna and swordfish are endothermicvi. Mola mola is the heaviest bony fish1. About 2200 pounds2. Eat mostly moon jellyfish3. The record is almost 5000 pounds4. Also called a sunfish, found nearly everywhere in the world5. Female produces more than 300 million eggs (most of any vertebra)6. End up in commercial fishing nets as bycatch7. Can have over 70 genre of parasites in them8. Predators include orcas, sea lions, and sharks9. Basking behaviora. Swims on side with largest side facing the sunb. Hypothesize that it is to warm up before diving into the deep ocean (thermally recharging)vii. Sea horse1. About 50 species2. Live in sheltered environments3. Bony fish, but no scales4. Male sea horses carry the babies5. Found along the coasts in sheltered environmentsb. Cartilaginousi. Sharks1. Cartilaginous skeleton2. Highly streamlined body3. 440 speciesa. Smallest: 6.7in, Lantern sharkb. Largest: Whale shark, 39 feet4. Sharks can lose 30000 or more teeth in their lifetime5. No gas filled swim bladder like bony fish but fatty liver6. Tails are formed according to functions (i.e. swimming fast)c. All fish have gillsi. Respiratory organ that extracts dissolved oxygen from water and later excretes carbon dioxideIV. Thermoregulation in fisha. Endotherms: create heat from metabolic processes (warm blooded)b. Ectotherms: use external heat sources to regulate body temperatures (cold blooded)V. Fish are successful because of unique adaptationsa. Movement, shape, repulsioni. Drag is the resistance to movementb. Maintenance of leveli. Gas or fat-filled bladders in bony fishii. Cartilaginous fish need to swim continuouslyc. Gas exchangei. Gill membranesd. Feeding and defense: swim in schools, bioluminescence, hearing, smell, excellenteyesight, etc.VI. Creatures of the deptha. The deep-sea floor is the Earth’s most uniform communityi. Eternally dark1. No photosynthesis possible ( chemosynthesis around hydrothermal vents)2. Bioluminescence is the only light available3. Organisms have to rely on sense other than visionii. Usually always very coldiii. Slightly hyper saline (more saline)iv. Highly pressurized1. Pressure increases 1 atm per 10 meters2. The greater the deptha. Fish are smallb. Gelatinous fishc. Minimal skeletal structured. Can slow metabolism downb. Tripod fishi. Hermaphrodite- have male and female sex organsc. Other challengesi. To study deep sea organisms you need special pressure chambersii. Burglar alarms1. Deep-sea jellyfish try to attract attention of something bigger that may attack their predatoriii. Counter illumination: can change color of its belly depending whether its counter illuminating against sunlight or
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