GEOG 2300 1st Edition Lecture 32Outline of Last Lecture I. Geographic CycleII. OceansIII. Ocean WaterIV. Physical OceanographyOutline of Current Lecture I. Ocean LayersII. Ocean CurrentsCurrent LectureI. Ocean LayersA. Pressure (kilopascals), temperature (Celsius), salinity (grams salt/kg seawater), density (kg m^-3)B. Lower density at the surface and higher density deeper in the ocean, with a zone of rapid changeC. Thermocline + halocline = pycnoclineD. Higher salinity more dense, colder temperature more denseE. Saline waters are more dense than brackish or freshwater F. Low salinity at the equator due to high amounts of precipitationG. Warm surface water slowly moves northward, heat loss > heat gained, becomes saltier and colder more denseH. Dense/cold water sinks to deep ocean levels, deep water pushed southI. Upwelling at the equator, water pushed upJ. Which does not determine heat flux through the ocean surface as discussed in class? Salinity of water at the ocean surfaceII. Ocean CurrentsA. Wind stress: function of wind speed squared because the wind forcing depends on wind speed and sea roughness, which in turn depends on wind speedB. The movement of water is influenced by the Coriolis effect and gravity ekman drifC. Ekman spiral: top layer driven forward by the wind, each layer below is moved by friction, each succeeding layer moves at a slower speed and at an angle to the layer aboveThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.D. In the eastern parts of the oceans permanent equatorward winds generate offshore Ekman drif and coastal upwelling of nutrient rich waters resulting inhigh primary productionE. A prolonged poleward wind along a west coast can result in downwellingF. Upwelling occurs along coasts where winds blow parallel to the coast such that net drif is away from the coastG. The general circulation in all oceans is anticyclonic (clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere)H. The combination of geostrophic flow and wind forcing results in the general pattern of the ocean
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