GEOG 2300 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. Atmospheric PressureII. Positive FeedbacksIII. Other FeedbacksIV. Climate Change and HumansOutline of Current Lecture I. Coriolis EffectII. FrictionIII. Upper AtmosphereIV. CyclonesV. Air at Different LatitudesCurrent LectureI. Coriolis EffectA. Air movement is deflected due to earth’s rotation, northern hemisphere: air deflects right, southern hemisphere: air deflects lefB. Wind flows parallel to isobars, called geostrophic windC. Latitude lines are circles of different sizesD. Larger circles require more distance to be covered than shorter circles during the earth’s daily rotationE. Conservation of Angular Momentum: product of mass x radius x velocityF. Imagine it as a turntable/merry-go-roundG. Why do land breezes blow toward the water on evenings at the beach? The air over land cools faster than the ocean creating a relatively high pressure zone which generates winds from land to oceanH. Saharan dust storm: dust is blowing east but the pressure gradient is from northeast to southwest, this is because of the Coriolis effectI. Deflection is least at the equator and greatest at the polesII. FrictionA. As wind flows over the surface, friction reduces speedB. Friction also affects wind direction along with the Coriolis effectIII. Upper AtmosphereA. At 5-7 kilometers above the surfaceB. Influenced only by pressure gradient force and Coriolis force, no frictionC. Geostrophic winds that flow parallel to isobarsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.IV. CyclonesA. In northern hemisphere, cyclones spiral counter clockwise, anticyclones spiralclockwiseB. In southern hemisphere, cyclones spiral clockwise, anticyclones spiral counterclockwiseC. Cyclone: low pressure system with surrounding, higher pressure air wrapping around the systemD. What three forces are most responsible for wind speed and direction at the surface? Pressure gradient, Coriolis effect, frictionV. Air at Different LatitudesA. Warm air rises and flows polewardsB. Around the equator, the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone, has low pressure because of solar heatingC. Doldrums: intense heating causes air to rise, leading to little horizontal motion at times, very calm conditionsD. Cooled, dry air sinks at 30 degrees N and S, creates high pressure zone deserts at this latitudeE. Trade winds are predictable, north east in the northern hemisphere (moves northeast to southwest), south east in southern hemisphere (moves southeast to northwest), at subtropical high conditions are calm, known as “horse latitudes”F. Hadley Cells: between 0 and 30 degrees N and SG. Westerlies: above the trade winds (greater than 30 degrees N and
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