GEOG 2300 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. HeatII. RadiationIII. Counter-RadiationIV. AlbedoV. AtmosphereOutline of Current Lecture I. Factors Affecting Air TemperatureII. Surface TemperatureIII. Daily Insolation-Mid-latitudesIV. Temperatures – Urban vs. RuralV. Helping the EnvironmentVI. ElevationVII. Net RadiationCurrent LectureI. Factors Affecting Air TemperatureA. Insolation: daily and seasonal variationsB. Latitude: also daily and seasonal variations and energy deficitC. Surface type: albedo of surface as well as surface moistureD. Coastal vs. interior location: temperature range is lower at coasts, water retains heat for longer and doesn’t get below freezing E. Elevation: thinner atmosphere means less greenhouse effect, temperature decreases with altitudeF. Which of the following aren’t factors controlling air temperature? Latitude, elevation, concentration of nitrogen, proximity to coast, urban vs. rural; answer is concentration of nitrogenII. Surface TemperatureA. Determined by energy balance at the surfaceB. Sensible heat may move from one surface to another by conductionC. May be transferred by the mixing of a fluid (such as the atmosphere) by convectionD. Latent heat transfer: exchange of heat during evaporation (cooling) or condensation (warming)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.E. Without greenhouse gases, the surface temperatures would be much colder because there wouldn’t be trapping of long wave radiation being emitted from the earth’s surfaceIII. Daily Insolation-Mid-latitudesA. Varies with time of day and seasonB. Early or late in the day there is a deficitC. The length of time for a surplus also changes seasonallyD. Daily maxima and minimaE. Positive net radiation leads to an increase in temperature, but there is a time lagF. In September, cooling down from the summer, water temperatures are still usually warm and vice versa for May/JuneIV. Temperatures – Urban vs. RuralA. Rural: transpiration from leaves cools the surface, evaporation from moist soils plus transpiration from plants = evapotranspirationB. Urban: water is channeled so surfaces tend to be dry, surfaces are often dark (asphalt), building materials store heat, and heat is released from buildingsC. Urban heat island: heat island tends to persist over night, parks can reduce heating, desert urban areas often do not exhibit heat islands where irrigated vegetation may make the city coolerV. Helping the EnvironmentA. Take a hike, walk to work or other placesB. Sweating is good for you and ultraviolet rays provide vitamin DC. Maybe ride a bike, train, bus, or carpoolD. When deciding where to live, take walking and distances into accountVI. ElevationA. Generally temperatures drop with altitudeB. Daily temperature ranges also increase due to decreased greenhouse gasesC. Except Cuzco has a heat island, other exceptions for cities as wellD. Sometimes upper air is warmer than lower air = temperature inversion; occurs if the ground cools overnight, cold air may flow into an areaVII. Net RadiationA. Low latitudes: greater amounts and longer periods of surplus energyB. High latitudes: experience large and long periods of
View Full Document
Unlocking...