GEOG 2300 1st Edition Lecture 28Outline of Last Lecture I. Monitoring DischargeII. LakesIII. Saline LakesIV. Saving WaterV. GroundwaterOutline of Current Lecture I. AquifersII. Saving WaterIII. Water ProblemsIV.Withdrawing GroundwaterV.DeforestationCurrent LectureI. AquifersA. Pollutants enter the groundwater from landfills, leaking oil tanks, surface pollutants infiltrating, etcB. Once in the aquifer, pollutants flow with the hydrologic gradient toward a well or streamII. Saving WaterA. Use water saving toilets, showerheads, faucet aeratorsB. Stop water leaksC. Wash only full loads of clothes or use lowest water levelsD. Replace lawn with native plants that need little if any wateringE. Use cloth diapersIII. Water ProblemsA. Too little water droughts overdrawing surface waters aquifer depletion can lead to subsidence and saltwater intrusionB. Ogallala aquifer depletion under the Great PlainsC. Pivot irrigation is more efficient and easier, the water is rotated around the field, makes a circleIV. Withdrawing GroundwaterA. Pros of groundwater: useful for drinking and irrigation, available year round, exists almost everywhere, renewable if not over-pumped or contaminated, no evaporation lossesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. Cons of groundwater: aquifer depletion from over-pumping, sinking of land (subsidence) from over-pumping, polluted aquifers for decades or centuries, reduced water flow into surface watersC. Prevention: waste less water, raise price of water to discourage waste, subsidize water conservation, ban new wells in aquifers near the surface watersD. Which of the following conditions is not necessary for a flowing artesian well? A sufficient amount of local rainfall to replenish the unconfined aquiferV. DeforestationA. Leaf litter improves soil fertilityB. Tree roots stabilize soil and aid water flowC. Vegetation releases water slowly and reduces floodingD. Loss of vegetation: gullies and landslides, rapid runoff and flooding, wind will remove fragile topsoilE. Urbanization: increases potential for flooding on flood plains, increases transport of pollutants into waterways, reduces water recharging aquifers, increases urban heat island effectF. Flood management: channelization and levees (used in New Orleans), setback levees are better at flood management because they allow for wider rivers, but they would require towns, cities and homes to move in order to build them, so some rivers are just channelizedG. Which of the following would not be a likely effect of clear-cutting a forested hillslope? Increased transpiration of water into the atmosphereH. Prevention of flood damage: preserve forests on watersheds, preserve and restore wetlands in floodplains, tax all development on floodplains, strengthen and deepen streamsI. Dams: provides water for year round irrigation of cropland, provide drinking water, recreation, hydropower, downstream flooding reduced, but flooded land, large water losses from evaporation, downstream land deprived of nutrient rich soil, some fish spawning
View Full Document
Unlocking...