GEOG 2300 1st Edition Lecture 31Outline of Last Lecture I. Stream ProcessesII. Parts of a StreamIII. WetlandsOutline of Current Lecture I. Geographic CycleII. OceansIII. Ocean WaterIV. Physical OceanographyCurrent LectureI. Geographic CycleA. Organizes fluvial landscapes according to a series of stagesB. Tectonic uplift creates steep mountain sides and rivers eroded rapidly, youthful stageC. Subsequent erosion flattens the landscape to create peneplains, gradients of streams are reduced, mature stageII. OceansA. Oceans cover more than 70% of the planet; oceans control weather and climate; oceans absorb, store and distribute energy with the earth system; seafloor contains 2/3 of topographyB. Seas: smaller bodies of water, somewhat enclosed by land, exchanging water with oceans, some seas are actually saline lakes (Caspian, Aral, Dead Seas) C. Oceanography: multi-discipline science studying the world ocean (Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Geology)D. Which of the following is not a characteristic of wetlands? Naturally formed environmentsIII. Ocean WaterA. 3.5% dissolved solid, most is sodium chloride, but others include magnesium,sulfur, calcium, and potassiumB. Salinity: measure of all dissolved solids in waterC. Phytoplankton and other organisms can affect ocean colorD. Pressure increases with depth, surface pressure is 14.7 lb./square inch, pressure increases 1 atmosphere for every ten meters of water depthThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.E. Salinity is increased by evaporation and decreased by inflow from rivers, subtropical highs have higher salinity, humid regions have lower salinityF. Salinity varies from 3.2% to 3.8% for open ocean water, but can be higher or lower in some seasG. Polar regions have lower salinity because there is less evaporation and input of freshwater from snow meltIV. Physical OceanographyA. Basic topic of physical oceanography is ocean circulationB. Solar heating drives the currents, warm water rises to the surface and cold water sinks (assuming constant salinity)C. Ocean surface temperatures globally reflect air temperature patterns in generalD. Ocean circulation moves warm water from the equator to higher latitudesE. Thermocline: zone of rapidly changing temperatureF. Heat flux through the ocean surface: incoming solar radiation, outgoing back radiation, heat loss from evaporation, mechanical heat transferG. Stratification: density of cold water is higher as compared with warm water, warm water moves up where it accepts more solar energy, cold water moves down, isolating the upper mixed ocean layer from cold deep watersH. Which is true? Salinity in the red sea is high because it receives less input from rivers and there is a lot of evaporationI. Cold water high nutrient content, phytoplankton like cold water but also need
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