HDFS 401 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture I. Promoters of Peer Acceptance a. Parents as Teachersb. Parents as Monitors & Arrangers II. Schools & Media Influencea. School as the community Outline of Current Lecture I. School and Socializationa. Negative effects of different forms of schoolingII. Class size & organizationIII. Teachers ImpactIV. Teachers Expectations on SuccessCurrent LectureRole of School in Social Development: School size & organization - Age Groupings in Schools - School transitions in different age based school organization: (8-4) vs. (6-3-3) o Most popular: K-6th, 7-9, 10-12 - Students transitioning to Junior High in 7th grade (6-3-3 transition), experience more social of academic problems then children who stay in their familiar elementary school setting (8-4 transition) Why negative consequences with a 7th grade (6-3-3 transition)? -Increase in peers – disruption of social networks -Oldest to Youngest: pecking order These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Self –esteem is pretty low at this time due to social comparison, puberty, and higher expectations - Schools are larger: alienation- Lack a sense of belonging Therefore, this shift is not a good stage-environment fit – the degree to which the environment supports a child’s developmental needs- Three of more transitions during this developmental period contributes to negative outcomes Class Size & Organization - Advantages of Small Classes o Teacher-child contacts are more frequent & personalized o Children are better behaved, interact more with their peers, & are less likely to be victimized Particularly beneficial in earlier grades Smaller classes appear to promote an atmosphere in which students are more supportive & caring about each other The Teacher’s Impact - Teacher-Student Relationships o Teacher-student conflict – child dislike of school – less helpful & cooperative; more aggressiveo Dependency on Teacher – low school engagement; aggressive or socially withdrawn o Close, warm relationship – higher school adjustment, self-esteem, & peer acceptance Teacher Expectations & Children’s successRobert, Rosenthal & Jacobsen (1968) Study - Pygmalion Effect – A phenomenon in which teacher’s expectation that students will do well and that expectation is realized o “ It is like a self-fulfilling prophecy”o - Positive or negative expectations that affect a person’s behavior in a mannerthat he or she (unknowingly) creates situations in which these expectations are fulfilled Parents Involvement in Schools - Meta – Analysis of over 50 studies found: o Parental involvement is associated with children doing better academically & socially What determines how much parents are involved in their children’s school & activities?- Parents are usually less involved if the are busy, stressed or marginalized or single parent household - Parents are more involved when schools welcome all parents & provide information about how they can become involved - School recognition of parental ethnic/cultural values increases parental involvementSchools as a Buffer for Children - When children are exposed to delinquencies at home, the school environment can buffer them against failure o A supportive classroom environment can act as a protective factor Electronic Media & Children’s Social Life- Televisions & Playing Video Games:- Hours of involvemento According to one study, children under 2 years average about 2 hours dailyo Between ages 2-9, the avg. amount of time children spend watching television daily is about 3 hours  Peeks at 10-13 to 4 hours a