HDFS 401 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture II. Socialization of Emotionsa. Susanne Denham, world of emotionsIII. Socialization By Parentsa. Children learn what by observing b. Emotional Regulation IV. 5 aspects of “Emotional Coaching”V. Socialization from other childrenVI. Social developmenta. The Sense of SelfOutline of Current Lecture VII. The Self a. Susan Harterb. Self-esteem (impacts) VIII.Domains of Self Perception IX. Gender influence on self-esteema. Families/peersX. Boosting Self-EsteemXI. Identity Formationa. James MarciaCurrent LectureThe Self Susan Harter: 3 stages in the development of self-descriptions - 3-4 years old: observable and social characteristics and preferences, Ex: I like to pizza- 5-7 years old: Competencies (things that they are good at), overlaps with self-esteem- 8-10 years old: private self, use labels, focus on abilities and interpersonal attributes, understand their relationships with other people, notice things that they are good and bad at, shift in self-esteem- Self-esteem – the evaluate component of the self that taps how positively or negatively people view themselves in relation to others, relates with one’s worth as apersonThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Impacts of High Self-Esteem- Better relationships - Direction of cause is unclear - Dark side to Self esteem – high self esteem can foster exploration – have more idea that we can control negative outcomes, attention from other people, can be prejudice Domain Specific - Different Types of domains that we judge ourselves - Ex: Academics, athletics, social, behavioral, physical 5 Domains of Self Perceptions - Scholastic Ability - Athletic Competence - Physical Appearance- Behavioral Conduct- Social - Children under the age of 8 tend to have unrealistically positive self-appraisals Gender Variations in Global Self-Esteem- Girls have lower global self esteem than boys beginning in middle childhood & this differences increases in adolescence - Media: Gender Roles- Daughters are hearing it from mother (My skin is SO bad!)- Social aspect- Girls tend to analyze things too much Studies - High self-esteem relates to athletic competence - More dominance & aggression – boys felt as though they have more powerSocial Determinants of Self-EsteemFamily Influences- Children’s self esteem is associated with parenting style and type of interactional style a child has with their parents Influence of Peers- Peers become increasingly influential across development - What domains do peers influence most?o 1. Physical Appearanceo 2. Athletic Competenceo 3. Social- Public Domain vs. Private Domain o People want more public support than private support o Generally in teens, more people are going to want to support you publically, perceived as more likeable o Survivor Web Game- had to post personal profile, Low ratings = lower self esteem, high ratings = higher self esteem Shows that self esteem affects us even when we don’t know the people who are “rating” us Praising Children and Boosting Self Esteem- 1980’s – wanted to boost children’s self esteem so they can strive better later in life –not all positive outcomes - Research suggests that praising a child for their talent and intelligence doesn’t help them achieve success, it sets them up for disappointment o Sets up expectationso Wanting to maintain their title o Avoid harder tasks o Hard time dealing with challenge and failure- Better to foster a “growth mind set” o Learning goals vs. performance goals o Focus on aspects that they did than the end result o Ex: you are the best dancer – (change to) – you worked really hard on that dance o Setting this mindset to work hard to achieve goals Identity Formation - We see most in emerging adulthood, but develops in middle childhood and adolescence - Identity – the definition of oneself as a discrete, separate entity Erickson – Identity achievement vs. identity confusion - “Who am I?” “Who will I become?”- Religion, politic, hobbies, education, culture, occupation, gender role, and SES influence your identity formationJames Marcia - Different Pathways:- Identity Achievement - Identity Confusion - Identity Moratorium – stepping stone, “exploration”- Identity Foreclosure - Identity
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