HDFS 401 1st Edition Lecture 26Outline of Last Lecture II. Moral Judgment III. Social Developmental Theory a. Social Conventional DomainIV. Judgments and Complex Issues a. Moral Judgments b. Moral Behavior V. EmotionsVI. Child Characteristics Outline of Current Lecture VII. Moral Emotional and Parent Behavior VIII.Prosocial and Altruistic Behaviora. Biological/EnvironmentalIX. Aggressiona. Functions of Aggression b. Gender Differences in AggressionCurrent LectureMoral Emotional and Parent Behavior - Parents are influenced in several ways o By creating a positive or negative emotional climate in the home o By providing explanations o By forcefully expressing owns emotions o By responding to the children’s moral emotional expression positively - Prosocial & Altruistic Behavior o Prosocial behavior – voluntary behavior intended to help or benefit other peopleo Altruistic behavior – Intrinsically motivated conduct intended to help other without expectation of acknowledgement of reward Without regard for own immediate welfare Sacrifice own long-term needs and wishes - Determinants of Prosocial Development Biological Influences These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Identical twins are more alike in their prosocial behavior and empathetic concernthan fraternal twins. o Mirror neuron system can by underlying neurological mechanism specific to prosocial behavior o Temperament also plays a role in Children’s prosocial behavior Inhibited versus less inhibited Environmental Influences – Encouraging Prosocial Behavior - Watching and imitating prosocial models - Parents that focus children’s attention on the consequences of their actions o Empathy and perspective taking - Parents can give them opportunities to perform prosocial acts - Peers can also be influential o Children spend time with peers who are similar to them in prosocial behavior o Peer can adapt models of prosocial behavior - Pets offer anther opportunity for children to learn prosocial behavior Aggression - Behavior that is intended to and in fact does harm another person by inflicting pain or injury o An act is aggressive if the aggressor intends it to harm and victimize o The victim perceives it to be harmful o It is considered aggressive according to the norms of the community Types of Aggression Function of Aggression - Proactive aggression – a person is hurt or injured by someone who is motivated by a desire to achieve a specific goal. - Reactive aggression – a form of hostile behavior in response to an attack, threat, or frustration, usually motivated by anger. - Forms of aggression:o Physical, Verbal, Social, Relational- Patterns of Aggression – Developmental Changes in Aggression - Proactive aggression is more common in infancy and early child - Reactive become more common than proactive - Children become more verbal and less physical in their aggression Gender differences in Aggression- Among 3 to 5 year olds, boys are more physically aggressive and girls are more likely to use relational
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