HDFS 401 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture II. The Self a. Susan Harterb. Self-esteem (impacts) III. Domains of Self Perception IV. Gender influence on self-esteema. Families/peersV. Boosting Self-EsteemVI. Identity Formationa. James MarciaOutline of Current Lecture VII. Early Understandings of Intensions & Normsa. Age 1 b. Age 18 monthsc. End of 2nd yearVIII.What Creates Predictions of social Understandinga. Child Abilitiesb. Parental Influencesc. Siblings & FriendsIX. Stereotyping & Prejudicea. – Can they be reduced? Current LectureEarly Understandings of Intentions & NormsAge 1 – understand that people’s actions are intended & goal directed, use joint attention 18 months – recognize social norms (ex: bedtime routine) End of 2nd year – can describe scripts for social routines - Understanding of Mental States: Theory of Mind - Theory of Mind: Children’s understanding that people in metal states such as thoughts, beliefs, & desires that affect their behavior What predicts differences in social understanding? These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Child Abilities- Children with higher levels of social understanding do better on standard intelligence tests, & exhibit more friendly “prosaical” behaviorParental Influences - Children in families who frequently talk about mental states are more likely to succeed intheory of mindo Conversations include explanations of the cause & effects of mental states, using words such as “because”, “how”, & ” why” Siblings & Friends - Two important types of interactions o Pretend Play o Dispute Resolution - Interactions also involve discussions about concerns, interests, & goals Stereotyping & Prejudice - Stereotype- a general label applied to individuals based solely on their membership in a racial, ethnic, or religious group, with out appreciation that individuals with in the group vary. (A label, can be positive or negative) o Children are developing stereotypes as young as 18 monthso Stereotype consciousness – the knowledge that other people have beliefs based on ethnic stereotypes - Prejudice – a set of attitudes by which an individual defines all members of a group negatively o By age 5 – we start to believe these things, tend to adopt & apply them, don’t understand why o By age 5-9: start understanding & acknowledging who we hold these prejudices, our prejudice can decline, implicate prejudice - - unconsciously avoidant o Adolescence: tends to decline in understanding, because at this time we are “finding ourselves” and tend to gravitate to like minded individuals, we are more mindfully avoidant of these prejudices Prejudice messages from parents, peers, schools, & media Can Stereotypes & Prejudice be reduced? - Increase contact between members of groups who are prejudice toward each other - Point out the individual characteristics of members of the other group- Minimizing stereotypes of racial & ethnic groups in media such as book, television & movies o Can still watch the “classic movies” but use it as a point of
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