BIOEE 1780 1st Edition Lecture 26Outline of previous lectureI. EchinodermsII. ActivityIII. ChordatesA) CephalochordatesOutline of current lectureI. ChordatesA) LanceletsB) UrochordatesII. VertebratesIII. TypesA) Chomdrichthytes?B) Bony vertebratesCurrent lectureI. Chordates*Synapomorphies: dorsal hollow nerve chord, notochord, segmented post-anal tailA) LanceletsB) Urochordates-Marine suspension filter feeders-Mostly sessile-Hard tunic formed of proteins and a complex polysaccharide -The larva show classic chordate features (nerve chord, tail, notochord, even have pharyngeal slits)-When it settles after the larva stage, it loses the tail and associated features, but keeps the pharyngeal slits-There are some pretty ones (star ascidians are colonial tunicates that look like flowers)II. VertebratesHagfishes[unnamed]Lampreys[unnamed]Chondrichthyans[unnamed]These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Ray-finned fish[unnamed]CoelacanthsTetrapodAmphibiansAmniotes*What’s special about vertebrates? -Vertebral column with internal skeleton-Large brain-Advanced circulatory system-Organs systems: integumentary, skeletal, circulatory, muscle, reproductive, etc*Lampreys-Spawn in freshwater streams-Can be eaten (Portuguese lamprey rice)-Aquatic vampires*Jaws-Lamprey: jawless-Early jawed fishes (placoderms, not extinct): anterior gill arches modified to become jaws, which at first had no teeth-Modern jawed fish: Additional gill arches, teethIII. TypesA) Chomdrichthytes?-Sharks and friendsB) Bony vertebrates *Bony skeleton*Air sac*Ray-finned fish-Marine and freshwater-Many have a swim bladder for buoyancy -Gills open into a single chamber covered by a hard flap-Diverse body forms (rapid speciation, as observed in Africa)-Every major aquatic habitat-Zebra fish (biological model), mudskippers (feed on mud flats)-Sexual selection has led to some fancy colors in many species*Coelacanths-Only 2 living species-Deep ocean-Muscular fins-Gap in the fossil record#Found in Devonian through Cretaceous#Thought to be extinct, but then one showed up in South Africa#Following that there was a living specimen found*Lung fishes-Devonian to recent-Lungs as well as gills-Nostrils open inside of mouth-Living sister group of tetrapods*Amphibians-Limbs and girdles and muscles evolving over time-Caecilians, salamanders/newts, toads/frogs-Breathe through smooth, moist skin-Need water to reproduce#Embryos develop in water#Some carry eggs#Some live in moist places and the embryos develop into mini adults*Amniotes-Can survive away from water-Dry skin-Eggs can survive in dry areas, have yolks-Reptiles#Include birds#Lepidosaurs (lizards, snakes, tuatara):scaly skin#Turtles (marine, freshwater, terrestrial, herbivores, predators, shell, limb girdles within
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