BIOEE 1780 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of previous lectureI. Prokaryote diversityII. Notable typesA) Photoautotrophs B) SpirochetesC) CyanobacteriaD) ArchaeaIII. Prokaryote reproduction/ genesOutline of current lectureI. EukaryotesII. Major innovationsA) MitochondriaB) ChloroplastsC) Secondary endosymbiosisD) Tertiary endosymbiosisIII. TerminologyA) Bacterial matingB) Lateral gene transferC) EndosymbiosisD) ProtistIV. ProtistA) AlveolatesB) StramenopilesC) ExcavatesD) AmoebozoansV. ActivityCurrent lectureI. Eukaryotes*Combination of archaea and bacteria*Defined by a nuclear membrane around the DNAII. Major innovations*Flexible cell membraneThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.*Infolding*Microtubules*Digestive vacuoles*Endosymbiosis leads to:A) Mitochondria*Derived from proteobacterium*Double membraneB) Chloroplasts*Derived from cyanobacteria*Synapomorphy of plants*Found in unicellular algaeC) Secondary endosymbiosisD) Tertiary endosymbiosisIII. TerminologyA) Bacterial mating: conjugation & other processes that lead to genetic exchange within a bacterial speciesB) Lateral gene transfer: exchange of one or a few genes between speciesC) Endosymbiosis: acquisition of a complete organism (genome + cellular machinery)D) Protist: Any eukaryote that is not an animal, plant, or fungiIV. ProtistsA) Alveolates*Ciliates: covered in cilia (small hairs) *Dinoflagellates: two flagella (one in equatorial grove, other longitudinal external plates of cellulose-Coral -Neurotoxic red tides-Bioluminescence*Plasmodium: intracellular parasites-MalariaB) Stramenopiles*Two unequal flagella*Some have lost flagella (brown algae, diatoms)*Diatoms: photoautotrophs, almost all are marine, major components of planktonC) Excavates *Mitochondria absent/reduced in some groups*Associated with anaerobic conditions*Euglena: Alternate as photoautotrophs and chemoheterotrophs*TrypanosomaD) Amoebozoans*Iobose pseudopods*Loboseans: single cells*Slime molds: multicellular, can develop fruiting structuresV. Activity1) Describe the life cycle of Hatena and what it gains from its relationship with Nephroselmis.2) Why would this example be considered a “snapshot of evolution in progress”?3) What additional step would be required for Nephroselmis to become a full endosymbiont?4) How does endosymbiosis change our view of the branching pattern of the tree of
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