BIOEE 1780 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Summary of i-clicker reviewII. PhylogenyA) Phylogenetic terminologyB) Tree-Thinking Part 3.5III. DiversityA) Similarities among all lifeB) Earliest signs of lifeC) Viruses Lateral gene transfer mucks up the phylogeny... LifeOutline of Current Lecture I. Prokaryote diversityII. Notable typesA) Photoautotrophs EukaryaB) SpirochetesC) CyanobacteriaD) Archaea ArchaeaIII. Prokaryote reproduction/ genesCurrent LectureI. Prokaryote diversity*20,000 describes species*As many as 10^14 microbial cells Associated with an adult body *Most microbes are benign or even useful*Bacterial walls contain peptidoglycan-Can use a gram stain to determine if you have a gram positive or gram negative cellII. Notable types*Can be autotrophs or heterotrophs (photoautotrophs/ chemoautotrophs or photoheterotrophs/ chemoheterotrophs)A) Photoautotrophs*High levels of atmospheric oxygen is from cyanobacteria or chloroplastsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.*Algae have chlorophyll a in chloroplast* Purple sulfur bacteria have bacteriochlorophyll and use H2S rather than H2O and produce solid sulfur rather than gaseous oxygen (also use a wavelength of lightbeyond the spectrum of visible light)B) Spirochetes – discovered by Leeuwenhoek (noticed biofilm formation on his teeth)*Corkscrew shape (swim using spiral motion)*Chlamydia (most common STD in USA)C) Cyanobacteria - oxygenic photoautotrophs (many also fix nitrogen)D) Archaea (extremophiles) *halophile (survive in alkaline conditions)*methanogens (contribute to global warming anaerobic)III. Prokaryote reproduction/ genes*Binary fission – divides into two identical daughter cells*Conjucation - genetic info exchanged between two individuals*Phage conversion (Transduction) – phage attacks bacteria, inserts DNA/RNA*Lateral gene
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