BIOEE 1780 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last LectureI. Phylogenetic trees!II. Breakdown of phylogenetic treesIII. VocabIV. ActivityOutline of Current Lecture I. Finish activityA) ClarifyB) Create taxonomic treeC) DiscussII. Phylogenetic TerminologyIII. Further notesCurrent LectureI. Finish activityA) Clarify-Why did we classify mammals as having an amniotic egg?*They have a number of common features with eggs of chickens, reptiles, etc.-Why did we classify snakes as having limbs?*They has structures suggesting hip and femur bones B) Create taxonomic treeSnakesLizardsMammalsAmphibiansRay-finned fishSharks/raysInternal bone Limbs Amniotic eggs Fur, lactation Scales with keratin C) Discuss-“Internal bone” defines the in-group, sharks/rays are the outgroupII. Phylogenetic Terminology-monophyletic group: a clade, an ancestor and all its descendants-paraphyletic group: an ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants-character: any heritable trait*character vs character state+character: wings; eye color+character state: long, short, absent; blue, green, brown-Taxon: group of organisms considered one taxonomic unit-synapomorphy: shared, derived character stateIII. Further notes-phylogenetic characters should be: heritable, slowly evolving, homologous (character states should be alternatives of the same character-synapomorphies define clades of organisms-it’s not necessary for all members of a clade to show the same traits when we are talking of synapomorphy… the only important thing is the common
View Full Document
Unlocking...