BCHM 3050 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I Introduction to Translation II Cracking of the Genetic Code III The Complete mRNA Genetic Code IV Codons vs Anticodons V The Wobble Hypothesis VI Formation of Aminoacyl tRNAs VII Requirements for Protein Synthesis VIII Ribosome Structure IX Formation of the Prokaryotic Initiation Complex X Peptide Elongation Outline of Current Lecture I Formation of the Prokaryotic Initiation Complex continued II Peptide Elongation III Peptide Bond Formation IV Termination of Translation V Some Transitional Differences in Eukaryotes Current Lecture I II Formation of the Prokaryotic Initiation Complex continued a Shine Dalgarno sequence is an untranslated region b Cap 5 UTR Shine Dalgaro Exons 3 UTR Tail c Purpose of all initiation factors to get the first AUG binded to the P site then they all fall off d This ends initiation of prokaryotic translation Peptide Elongation These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III IV V a IF Initiation factors b EF Elongation factors c EF TU brings aminoacyl tRNA to the A site d Adding a new aminoacyl tRNA requires energy which is provided by GTP Peptide Bond Formation a Movement of the ribosome requires energy which is required by EF G GTP b Moves completed tRNA to E site tRNA with multiple amino acids sits at P site and leaves A site empty again as ribosome slides Termination of Translation a Termination occurs when ribosome hits s stop codon b Release factor binds to the stop codon c mRNA falls off ribosome disassembles d All happening in the cytoplasm of the cell e Transcription and translation are tightly coupled in prokaryotes f Polysomes multiple ribosomes attaching to the same mRNA and translation and transcription are all happening in the same place g In Eukaryotes transcription happens in the nucleus and translation happens in the cytoplasm as the coupling seen in prokaryotes does not occur in eukaryotes Some Transitional Differences in Eukaryotes a Eukaryote ribosome is heavier and more complicated b Eukaryotes processing capping removing introns occurs which doesn t occur in prokaryotes c Shine Dalgarno recognized by the rRNA in prokaryotes d Prokaryote transcription is much faster
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