NOTE: Everything presented in lecture after the second exam may be on the third exam. The following material from the custom text may also be on the third exam. To prepare effectively for this exam, study your lecture notes from after the second exam and the items on this study guide.1. Know the definition of intergroup communication2. Know the types of groups that are relevant to intergroup communication and the three things these groups have in common.Example of a social group: gender groups, national groups, age group, religious group, etc.2. Know the different disciplines interested in environmental communication.Human Communication, Chapter 10: Intercultural Communication (pp. 283 – 317)7. Know cultural homogenizationHuman Communication, Chapter 12: Small-Group Communication (pp. 343 – 377)Human Communication, Chapter 15: Mass Communication and the New Technologies (pp. 455 – 492)4. Know the meaning of wireless boorishness and examples of this phenomenon.Communication 101 Text Study Guide, Exam 3NOTE: Everything presented in lecture after the second exam may be on the third exam. The following material from the custom text may also be on the third exam. To prepare effectively for this exam, study your lecture notes from after the second exam and the items on this study guide.What is Communication and Technology? (p. A-23 – A-24)1. Know the three primary areas being studied in the context of health and communication technology.Three primary areas being studied in the context of health and communication technology are using communication technologies to search for health information, communicate withone’s doctor, and acquire social support as ones copes with illness. 2. Know in what time frame research in this general topic area began.Communication and technology is a relatively new sub-field in communication. Research in this general topic can be traced back to late 70’s/early 80’s there has been a tremendous growth in scholarship during the past decade. What are Media Effects? (pp. A-24 – A-27)1. Know the definition of mass communication.Mass communication is a process in which professional communicators use media to disseminate messages widely, rapidly, and continuously to arouse intended meanings in large and diverse audiences in attempt to influence them in a variety of ways. 2. Know the difference between the two types of media effects studied by researchers.Two types of effects studied by researchers are intended and unintended effects. Intended effects are deliberate attempts on the part of the communicator to influence the recipient insome way. Ex intended effect: commercial advertising, political campaigns… Ex: unintended effect: unexpected viewer reactions from a natural disaster which result in mass viewer reactions What is Small Group Communication? (pp. A-29 – A-31)1. Know the definition of small group communication.Small group communication is the study of messages produced during decision-making interactions. 2. Know the two types of influence relevant to small group communication.Normative influence and communicative influence Normative influence occurs when a member changes his or her mind or preference to be consistent with what other members prefer.Communicative influence is which the quality of arguments and the evidence that supportsthem persuades members to adopt a course of action over other possibilities. 3. Know the two types of communication relevant to small group communication.Communication can be either/both promotive for and disruptive to optimal group decision-making. Promotive communication consists of messages that assist a group in identifying relevant characteristics of a problem and for developing solutions. Such communication includes messages that, among other things, include useful information, make strong arguments, seek or give opinions, resolve conflict, and develop positive working relationships among members. Disruptive communication on the other hand hinders effective group problem-solving and decision-making by focusing groups on irrelevant issues that hinder information sharing, creates conflict, advances hidden agendas, and allows fallacious arguments to go unchallenged. What is Intergroup Communication? (pp. A-31 – A-33)1. Know the definition of intergroup communicationIntergroup communication is study of how communication between people from different social groups is different from what occurs when people communicatewithin their social groups, or more generally how communication changes based on social group memberships.2. Know the types of groups that are relevant to intergroup communication and the three things these groups have in common.Example of a social group: gender groups, national groups, age group, religious group, etc.What do these groups have in common? Relatively large groups, groups in the list above are very important to some of their members, and within each of these categories it is possible to identify groups that are in contrast to one another. What is Environmental Communication? (pp. A-33 – A-35)1. Know the definition of environmental communication.Environmental communication is the study of how cultures, societies, institutions and individuals create, distribute, receive and understand environmental messages. Environmental communication is inherently interdisciplinary.2. Know the different disciplines interested in environmental communication.Academic disciplines interested in environmental communication include communication, environmental studies, psychology, risk analysis/decision making, environmental science, political science, political ecology, and sociology. Human Communication, Chapter 10: Intercultural Communication (pp. 283 – 317)1. Know the three approaches to studying culture.Three major approaches to studying culture are social science, interpretive, and critical. Social science approach- assumed that behavior can be observed, measured, and predicted- that descriptive, often quantitative methods can be objective- and that we can discover universals about human behavior. The Interpretive Approach- emphasizes the subjective experience of the individual; its research emphasis is qualitative rather than quantitative; usually the goal is understanding rather than predicting behavior, taking a perspective from within the culture; ex: studying speech codes in Teamsterville, a working-class Chicago neighborhoodThe Critical Approach- primarily concerned with creating