Carly RashofOctober 6, 2014/October 8, 2014 Week 7 NotesKyle TusingIV. Rhetorical theories: BitzerA. Components of a rhetorical situation1. Exigencies 2. Audience3. Constraints –any difficulty B. Rhetoric is 1. a response to a situation-rhetoric needs to be engaged ethically 2. Pragmatic –difficult to engage in; expensive; useful; helps solve a problem3. a mode of altering reality through discourse – highly reasoned thoughtV. a rhetorical act occurs when… (rhetoric is highly controlled)A. a “problem” is perceived; the imperfection marked my urgency B. That can be altered through symbolic action C. And requires the mobilization of a public D. So, symbolic action is taken I. Characteristics of public communicationCarly RashofOctober 6, 2014/October 8, 2014 Week 7 NotesKyle Tusing- a speech-public communicationA. High level of formality -planned in advance; rehearsed; an agenda what to accomplish; high level of social distance between source and receiver; B. Audience diversity -when a president speaks has a lot of audience diversity; in comm 101 most of us are plus or minus 20 years old and from California and Arizona; a goodact of rhetoric speaks to all diferent types of people; when you have a diverse vast audience you must appeal to all of them which is very hardC. Communication role rigidity-what job does everyone have; everyone has a role to play; D. Transience-opposite of permanent; it is here right now but not later on; it isn’t the same as watching it live; live moment; ex: watching a concert on T.V. is way diferent than watching a concert live II. Modes of speech deliveryCarly RashofOctober 6, 2014/October 8, 2014 Week 7 NotesKyle TusingA. Impromptu – you do not have time to be nervous; most people find this uncomfortable; if the audience knows you are giving an impromptu speech they are going to be more forgiving; no planning; B. Reading from manuscript -extensive planning; have written it out beforehand; delivery is challenging because the speaker is often reading his/her speech; C. Memorized -if you want to remove your notes entirely; still a lot of preparation; you don’thave the speech in front of you; eye contact is easier; difficulty: what if you forget…; realistic if you have to deliver a lot of speeches D. Extemporaneous* -it involves careful planning but not total memorization; it allows you to adapt your speech to your specific audience/ situation; the wording may change from speech to speech and can be adapted to the individual; combines the best of both worlds (sounds more interesting); it is useful to have notes up as something to refer to III. Parts of SpeechCarly RashofOctober 6, 2014/October 8, 2014 Week 7 NotesKyle Tusing-audience doesn’t have access to written document; have to be more redundant as a speaker A. IntroductionB. BodyC. Conclusion-talks about Martin Luther King Jr. Speech (I Have A Dream); Aristotle:-Function-Ethos -credibility-Logos-Pathos -emotionBitzer:-Exigence –imperfection marked my urgency -Audience-Constraints –any difficulty or