NRC 225 1st Edition Lecture 12Forest Conservation LeadersThe Shakers-Forest Conservation, Green Design, Sustainable Agriculture…..200 years agoArt Didn’t come to the attention of the outside world until 20th centuryWho are the shakers?Dress similar to Amish-straw hat, bonnets, plain uniform clothingUnited Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing “Shaking Quakers”-Shakers (6,000 in 1840)Communitarian (but Capitalist)Agrarian (but not anti-technology)Pacifist-even refused to fight when being held up-tried to feed soldiersNutrition Health and Longevity-lived until 80’s-unheard of in their timeEgalitarian (with Elders)- men and women are equal 150 years before AmericaInnovative and InventiveCreativeCelibate-younger Shakers came from orphans or children joining communitystayed at steady population-took children in and at age 18 you were given choice“We grow better, braver, and stronger by the polishing process of abrasion. Difficulties help to develop and mold in greater perfection the qualities of the mind and soul.”-Sister Martha AndersonWorship ServiceDancing, singing, worship. invited people from outside to see People came to ridicule and curiosity-get more people involvedNative Americansheld a lot of mutual respectlearned a lot of natural healing processes from Native peopleHeld each other in high regardsPeoples view of ShakersMay look unhappy but in their generation people didn’t smile for photo’sLived in their own village and referred to everyone else as “the world's people”Mother Ann Lee-church leadersOrganized into communities Leaders then the mother and fatherThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Then the eldersThen the communityIf you wanted to communicate with shakers you communicated with the eldersHousesWere very good about conserving wood-do it right the first timeWorkregarding work as a form of perfectionVery simple designsChildren were included in workMade lots of basketsRugsShaker cloakPeople made fun but women in NY would get jealous because it was so warm and water resistantAgricultureCaring for the land (manuring, crop rotation, fallow)Unlike the rest of the country they stayed on the land their whole lifeDiversity of crops and livestockSite-specific adaptation, intergenerational teachingWhole foods…..simple, varied, nutritious appealingHerbal medicines and dietary supplementsDirect marketing (renowned quality)-sold their goods for top dollarFun fact: It was the shakers who invented the paper seeds you can buy in storesShakers invented the flat broomShaker Round BarnDiveted cellar where they dump hay and the animals would just walk up and eatUSed less wood to buildMade it easier for one man to take care of 50 cowsHow they managed forests in such a creative wayFences last hundreds of years-lime, cedar, granite blocks, raised off groundGoal: sustained supply of high quality wood for “highest and best use” as building material, furniture, woodenware, tools, and/or firewoodMethods: stand improvement, thinning from below, salvage and clean up, single tree selection, small group selection, path cutsBuilding faces south for the sunWood stained a dark colorBlack roof-very warm½ inch spaces between vertical siding and between floor boardswhite oak beams on granite blocks 1 foot of ground-avoid rottinglouvered cupolas...equally spacesinvented the stoveonly burned ⅓ amount of woodenergy conservation=forest conservation and human time and energy conservationwood is a renewable natural resourcestrees grow and use carbonwood burned releases carbongleaning from permanent woodlotskindling from woodshopsThe Brick Dwellingcommunal living buildingKitchen at the basement and convection system went through building from