NRC 225 1st Edition Lecture 15Current LectureThe Weeks Act of 1911- Forest Conservation Back EastBring the issue of conservation to the east where the people and political power is1911-Raphael Zon“Of all the direct influences of the forest the influence upon the supply of water in streams and the regularity of their flow is the most important human in economy.”Barely knew English-learned English in a few short years-got doctorates at YaleHad a gift for language-fluent in French, German, RussianWrote “Forests and Water in the Light of Scientific Investigation”Second coming of Man and NatureSome of Raphael’s findings1. The total discharge of rivers depends upon climate2. The regularity of flow depends upon the storage capacity of the watershed3. Forests tend to equalize streamflow throughout the year4. Forests retard snowmelt5. Forests prevent erosion6. Forests cannot prevent floods produced by exceptional precipitation, but they can mitigate their destructiveness.Henry S. GravesChief U.S. forest service 1910-1920“Forests on critical watersheds should be owned by the public for their protective value.”Only opposition was from Joseph CannonHon. Joseph G. CannonElected in 1873Speaker of the House 1903-1911“Not one cent for scenery.”Regarded as most powerful political speaker of house ever1858 associate of Abraham LincolnServed until 1922Feuded with Theodore Roosevelt (loathed, hated)Referred to behind his back as the tyrant from IllinoisJohn WeeksDeveloped the Weeks ActProgressive Republican-but not as loud as Theodore RooseveltCame from Massachusetts-served the NavyElected to Congress-younger than most congressman U.S. senator of MassachusettsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Secretary of DefenseWeeks, Graves, and Zon all were for Conservation and butted heads with CannonFrom the Weeks Act of 1911“The secretary of agriculture is hereby authorized and directed to examine, locate, and purchase such forested, cut-over, or denuded lands within the watersheds of navigable streams as in his judgment may be necessary to the regulation of the flow of navigable streams or the production of timber.”Gave them authority to look at any place in U.S. and say there connected to major streams therefore its eligible for protectionAllowed them to do this but they didn’t give them any moneyHenry Graves worked for U.S. Forest from 1910-1920 (note time of Weeks act)Cannon worked from 1903-1911 wasn’t reelected (note time of Weeks
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