NRC 225 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Night Flying Women DiscussionOutline of Current Lecture I. Loss of WoodII. How they got wood from point A to point BIII. New technologiesCurrent LectureLoss of wood“no ordinary destruction”Free supply….exploitationUnlimited demandTechnological innovationIncreasing efficiencyLittle or no regulation-people made big fortunesAstronomical profits: boom, bust, collapseConservation….and the progressive era1830-Banger Maine was the white pine capital of the world410 saw millsRun out of woodThe CutoverLandscape of thousands of trees cut downJim Lane’s Camp 1887 in Stillwater MinnesotaWorkers cut down trees to make money not for maliceProcess of the logs out of the woodsWork in teams of 2-look for leanLess than 2 minutes to cut it downVery difficult and dangerous-“Pass the hat” literally passed the hat and put money in to send back with bodies“Bucking”-cutting the tree into logsHorses come in and move logs“Skidding”- out to a main road on a bob sledThis is where bob sledding in the Olympics comes fromLog Bunk-used on back of horses to move- to prepare for loadingLoading-sleds for a trip to the landingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Road sprinkler-icing the roads-nights and SundaysLogs head out to the landing-next big phase40 million logsRoad Monkey-put hay under sled so the sled doesn’t run over the horsesMotivated people and horses with foodHorses given the best hay and molasses,Took a lot of food to fuel the logging crews eating 8,000-12,000 caloriesBest cooks means best crew but the moto was “eat and get out”Not sanitary at all-chewed tobacco on the floorSunday was a day off-wash up and play card gamesRiver Driver-moved the logs across ponds and lakesBateauk boats-went ahead of logs to clear out riverWanigan boats-boats with cooksOften ran into jams where logs filled the entire riverLog Booms-sorting by timber marksOrganized CampsCamp Boss, cook, scaler/cruiser, saw filer, blacksmith, clerk, cooks helpers, woods crewThe cooks were paid the mostTrees get too big out westOld techniques aren’t workingClimb up tree and cut off the tree from the topSet up pulleys attached to spar tree (steam engine used to run pulley system)Called Skyline LoggingUse Choker setters around the log to pull it downShay locomotive-used to transport logsPushing logs up a 13.5% gradeHighways around here are 5% gradesWorkersChinese workers who built trans-continental railroads2 trillion board feet of wood used and taken from the forestsNeed for conservationInexhaustibilityAt one point there was 65 million bison-got down to 1,000-now 500,000Came from 4-5 orphan calf’sPassenger Pigeon-5 billion birds to 1 bird that died in 1914Same kind of system with the wood we need conservationNull Hypothesis: The assimilative capacity of the Earth is inexhaustibleAlternate Hypothesis: It is not inexhaustible (and we should act