NRC 225 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Furs from all animalsII. Course of EventsIII. As we traded with the IndiansIV. Practicality of the canoeV. Trading CurrenciesVI. Ecological FootprintVII. Forest Ecosystem EffectsOutline of Current Lecture I. Story of the ForestII. The History of the forestCurrent Lecture: Three Centuries of Forest Change in Southern New EnglandMassachusetts Forests1700-1800 loss of forest1800-1900 forest growing1900-2000 loss of forestWhy are these changes happening? Natural disturbance and human disturbanceChronic and Acute disturbancesEvery forest has a storySocial, Political, and Economic Change changes the forestNatural disturbance changes social, political and economic changeWe all came looking for greener pastures in the beginning1700Landscape: mixed species, uneven-aged forestCaused by forest fires, hurricanes, natural disturbancesPeople cleared forests to some degree but mostly lived among the trees1730Small subsistence farms, mostly pasture, clearing 2-3 acres/yearIsolated existence, trading work, and a barter economyThe Kings Broad ArrowEnacted in 1711Large cash fineLater became a capital offenseThe Liberty TreeBoston, 1765These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Used as gathering point and symbol of trying to cast of England from AmericaSymbol of the American RevolutionShows wealth of natural resources1830American Revolution is fought and wonWar of 1812 is fought and wonStable, thriving, close-knit agrarian communitiesDiverse crops and livestockSolar-based farming, Mills and artisansFarming is rapidly growingPeople had learned the land and began understanding what crops grew best60-90% of forests are clearedPopulation about 13 billion and 2 million of those were slavesMost people live on eastern sea boardSouthern New England Need for fuel was the ultimate constraintThriving and stable economy-ready to changeIndustrialization (technological advances)Transportation (from freight wagons to Canal boat cargo)Could expand sale of products across America-Erie CanalTrees are fueling this-barrels, boats, tools, ect.Farmers trying to compete against mid-west which have better soil than New England1850Introduction of steam boatsFar west is connected all the way down the MississippiFueled by wood –thousands of cord of woodLandscapes are destroyed for wood1849California Gold RushBy the time the news reached the East-thousands of people move out westPope and Talbot in MaineShaped landscape Wood arriving from Australia, Chile, Norway, and MaineSold the wood in San Francisco for $1000!1853Pope and Talbot dismantle saw mill in Maine and brought it to WashingtonSold 18,000 MBF/year –made lots of money1861Civil War-use Springfield Rifled Muskets-4 million madeCharcoal, trees for woodColt Factory in Hartford-pistolsE. Whitney-made fire arms and pistolsWinchester Factory-musketsConnecticut Valley –making riflesCivil WarsLose 1/10th of the populationRailroad lines increase-Age of SteelAge of Steal in a world made of Wood1870-Transcontinental Railway finished3,000 railroad ties (wood platforms) per mile of tracksCivilization pushed further and further west-Native AmericansRace to get to the west coastImmigrationOpen doors0people flooding inComing to work in factoriesFactories made of wood and charcoal