CMS 357 1st Edition Lecture 11I. A Bit of History  The kids were treated as little adults, people got married much earlier- no in between stage of adolescents because education is moreimportant Emerging adulthood Wasn’t much of a need- you were an apprentice o Identity crisis for AdolescentsII. Identity FormationA. Integration- figure out who you are in relation to what other people think youare, what you ought to be and how this relates to how other people think youought to be and you synthesize and integratea. You say, I see myself as X, my parents see me as Y, my friends see me as Z: you look at all those stuff to combine b. Integration pulls all of these together- you dislike parts and like the others… involves some conflict on some level, takes work to do integrationB. Differentiationa. When you form your identity by saying who or what you are NOT, by differentiating yourself from someone/ something or some other idea b. I am not going to be unavailable for my parents, I am not going to be an alcoholic c. It is has a negative connotation, basing your not decision on not muchinformationd. Why do you hope that kids form integration identity not differentiation, e. RuminationC. Substitution- adding whatever other people think of you onto water identity you currently have a. It ends up making you a “patchwork self” because you identify yourself by how a bunch of other people see youb. Could be seen as a flaky personIII. Identity ProblemsA. Identity Confusion- people see the adolescent differently than he or she perceives themselves, different aspects of themselves, don’t really know theiridentity… Example: could have this with integration and differentiation- may not pay much attention to it because your focused on what you are not, but probably substitution (because you have all these different selves you are putting them together)B. Identity Foreclosure- when a person who hasn’t yet formed their identity just takes of the identity that someone else gives thema. Parents want the kid to follow a certain career b. A breakupc. Married/ babiesd. Little kids at schoolIV. Identity and Parents A. Generation gap? Idea that young people are so different than their parents, which makes it so hard for relationship to be connected (talked about indirectly) research shows there is not much of a reality in this- mostly when it comes to values there is not a huge gap B. Parenting Styles- a. Authoritative- hold their kids to consistent, clear set of standards, flexible and willing to learn to learn from their childreni. Kids are socially responsible, parents give them self-relate b. Authoritarian parents- high control, low warmth, less flexible, punitive, controlling, passively conform to this- more likely to have foreclosure identityc. Permissive/ Laizze faire parent- high warmth, low control- undemanding, not a clear expectations, inconstancy- the kids have more emotional problems/ behavioral problemsi. Boys have more behavioral problems, externallyii. Girls have more emotional problems, internally1. More likely to have confusiond. Harmonize parents- perspective on parenting affects their children, emphasize principles over achievementi. Watching for the effort more than the outcomeii. It is not whether you win or lose, but that you triediii. The kids are: More creative, socially responsible with less of a need for achievementiv. Come to UT/ study abroad/ not freaked about grades/ V. Identity and Peers - During adolescents, peer matters more and parents matter less -Parents still have huge role in decisions, but peers play a bigger role in everyday decisions, wants and desires A. Defining peer culture- members behave in a rule like fashion, members of the culture, things you are suppose to do and things you are not (example: where you sit in cafeteria, you are not suppose to act like you like your parents, not suppose to like familyactivities, - Members have shared meaning for actions, norms and behaviors- it means something if people don’t sit at the lunch table, who you can and cannot talk to, extra circular activities you do- this means something in terms of your identity (jock or band member)-Activities are focused around repeatable, recognizable themes: prom, homecomingB. Developmental phases of adolescent