HIST 1311 1st EditionExam #1 Study GuideMidterm - Native Americans came from Asia across Siberia, and then you have the Aztecs and Mayans. This begin in 20,000 BCE and was how the Human evolution happened. - Indian Tribes: 1. Southwest: Apache, Comanche, Pablo’s, Hopi, and Havasupai. 2. Southeast: Chesapeake, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole. - 80 million population around Columbus time. - Europe=Dark ages - Death: famine and diseases and the life span was about 30 years. - Religion and church played a huge role in people’s lives then because of death.- Age of Discovery: Portuguese discovered Africa and Asia. Portugal was the first unified European nation to undertake exploration in search of new commercial opportunities. - Columbian Exchange: exchange of diseases, food, product, animals, and ideas. The world passed the disease of small pox to the new world while the new worldgave the old world syphilis. o There was no medicine for small pox or antibiotics. If you were able to survive small pox then you were not able to have any kids. This disease made the Indian population crash so Europe takes over. o Syphilis had no cure till the 17th century and this disease spread fast because the sailors would have it. Once you had this diseaseit slowly kills you.- Main Goals: Gold and silver for the New World. - Reformation: o Martin Luther- 1. Faith alone: you are saved by faith alone and nothing else.2. Grace alone: don’t have to go to sacraments, you are saved by grace alone. 3. Scripter alone: be able to understand the scripter and don’t need a pope or priest to translate it. - John Calvin: theological reformers, who joined the attack on Catholicism. - Church of England: Mary I also known as “bloody Mary” was the daughter of Henryand Catharine from Aragon. Mary executed over 300 Protestants. - Elizabeth I was also known as “good queen best” was virgin who never got married and stole gold and silver form the Mexicans. - New Age: o Printing Press: a device for evenly printing ink onto a print medium such aspaper or cloth. The device applies pressure to a print medium that rests on an inked surface made of movable type, thereby transferring the ink.- Spanish expansion in America: o Spanish is more interested in gold and silver rather than Christianity. o Hernan Cortes: In 1521 expanded the Spain’s dominion with the conquest of the Aztecs in Mexico. o Juan Ponce de Leon: expanded Spanish control to Florida in search of the Fountain of Youth. o Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca: writes a book about life in Texas in the 1500s and what life is like. o Hernando de Soto: discovers the Mississippi river. - Three Religious Groups: 1. Jesuits: well educated group in the Catholic Church, located in Arizona, California, and Northern Mexico. 2. Dominicans: Known for their teaching, and work with the royal family. They are mostly located in Mexico City. 3. Franciscans: Their known for helping the poor and the people that are in poverty. Mostly dominate in Texas. - Jamestown: 1st English colony.o Tobacco will be the crop that saves Virginia and Jamestown.- Bacon’s Rebellion: rural farmers that wanted help from the government but don’t get it. They were attacked by the Indians. - Indentured Slaves: are white people at first but are replaced by African Americans which starts the Slave trade. - The Dutch Enterprise: o By the 1630s the Dutch dominated the African slave trade and had conquered a number of Caribbean islands. o New Amsterdam becomes New York eventually over time. - England 1600s: James I replaced Elizabeth but no success because she was the VirginQueen. James was a Protestant who wanted to keep the Church. England is dived up in many colonies like economically, status, and wealth. James had one son, Charles I eventually takes over in 1625. He constantly argued with the parliament and this led to a conflict between the King and the parliament because the King wanted high taxes, war, and money. Eventually with Charles ruling England Catholicism takes over.- Civil War- Charles v. Crommell: Charles was beheaded and Crommell wins in 1649. - In 1688 William III and Mary II take power/over. - 1690: life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. - Colonies: o The Chesapeake: Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. o New England: New Hampshire, Maine, and Massachusetts. o Middle Colonies: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New Hampshire. o The Lower South: Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, North Carolina, SouthCarolina, and Georgia.- Pilgrims didn’t have the adequate shelter but they still learned how to survive. - Maryland: set up as a Catholic refugee, religious toleration. The Calvert family under Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) hoped to create a haven for Catholics in Maryland. - Massachusetts Bay and its Settlers: (Boston) John Winthrop obtained a charter fora Puritan colony. He believed that Boston would be a city upon a hill and everyone would want to go there. o The colony was designed based on Puritan views of God’s law. o There was no social equality. o Quakers (peaceful people) who challenged this system could be hanged.o Rodger Williams, who preached to the pilgrims, for religious freedom was kicked out of the colony and he established Rhode Island, where church and state were kept separate. - Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691: o The Salem witchcraft episode occurred in the context of this great change. (Started from the Dominicans) o Theory: have sex with the devil and are given special powers to hurt people they don’t like. o Significance:1. End belief in witchcraft after 300 years. 2. Between 1400-17003. Beginning of age of Enlightenment. 4. It’s all accusations and super natural powers.- William Penn’s Holy Experiment: o He established Pennsylvania as a refugee for Quakers. o Penn envisioned a colony built on Quaker values. o These values included social equality, religious toleration, genuine politicalparticipation, and fair treatment for American Indians. o They didn’t believe in war. o These values eventually became American values over time. - The colonies of the Lower South: o The Carolinas produced cash crops for export. o North Carolina produced tobacco as a cash cropo South Carolina produced for rice as a cash crop. Also there were more black slaves then white slaves. o Both Carolinas eventually became royal colonies. - The Lost Colony: Georgiao Named after King George I o James Oglethorpe established Georgia as a place for imprisoned