HIST 1311 1st Edition Lecture 9 I II Resolving the Conflict of Vision A The Ratification Controversy 1 To win ratification supporters tactics included a Calling themselves Federalists b Ratifying conventions in each state c Approval by only nine states necessary for adoption 2 Local conditions often dictated positions for and against the Constitution a Voters in states with strong economies tended to be against b Voters in small weak states tended to be in favor c Urban residents tended to be in favor backcountry and rural inhabitants were more likely to oppose 3 Antifederalists argued the country was not in crisis Federalists were elitists the Constitution would lead to tyranny and had no bill of rights B The Federalist Victory 1 Local conditions proved important in securing approval of the Constitution a Small states quickly ratified it except for Rhode Island b Washington s influence was decisive for Virginia s approval c Federalist agreement to add a bill of rights to the Constitution helped secure ratification in many states C President George Washington 1 Washington established two important precedents a Use of a simple title to address the president b Cabinet meetings used to ask the Vice President to leave in the cabinet meetings Competing Visions Re emerge A Unity s Achievements 1 Congress created a federal judicial system 1 B C D a The Judiciary Act of 1789 created federal courts and spelled out the powers of the Supreme Court b Federal Judge can shut the president down has unlimited power and appointed for life 2 To finance the government Congress approved import duties 3 The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution 1st ten amendments Hamilton s and Jefferson s Differences Emerge 1 Hamilton and Jefferson had vastly conflicting ideas about the future course of American society a Hamilton envisioned an economy rooted in manufacturing and commerce b Jefferson wished to preserve America as an agricultural society c Federalist follow Hamilton 2 They and their followers split into the first political parties the Federalists and the Republicans Hamilton s Economic Plan 1 Hamilton proposed that the government redeem its notes by paying the current holders full face value a Jefferson s followers opposed the plan as rewarding unscrupulous speculators but Congress approved it 2 Hamilton proposed that the government assume responsibility for the states debts 3 Jefferson is the founder of the Democratic Party a Selection of the site of the national capital resulted from the controversy over this proposal 4 Hamilton next secured creation of a national bank a Strict construction versus broad construction of the Constitution emerged as another difference between Jefferson and Hamilton 5 Hamilton suggested customs duties and government subsidies to stimulate the development of manufacturing Foreign Affairs and Deepening Divisions 1 The French Revolution presented America with a difficult foreign affairs problem a At first most Americans supported the Revolution but sentiment swung against it because of the Reign of Terror and when France went to war against the rest of Europe b France expected America s support against England under the terms of the treaty between France and the United States 2 France attempted to build support in the United States for its cause a Completely disregarding President Washington Genet attempted to recruit Americans to fight for France 2 b Washington proclaimed American neutrality in the war between France and England c Policy of Neutrality E F G III More Domestic Disturbances 1 Hamilton s Federalists argued that the republic was in danger from Jefferson s Republicans 2 In the wake of the French Revolution and British interference in the west and on the seas organizations rose up to make demands on the government a The Democratic Republican societies pro French political groups most worried President Washington b Washington blamed them for the ill fated Whiskey Rebellion The Jay Treaty 1794 All in favor of the British 1 Britain agreed to evacuate the western forts and granted small trade favors to America in the West Indies 2 The US agreed to see that all prewar debts to British merchants were finally paid 3 Jay however abandoned America s demand for freedom of the seas and conceded the British navy s right to remove French property from any neutral ship 4 The overwhelming backlash against the treaty weakened the prestige and authority of the Washington administration 5 In the Northwest Territory Anthony Wayne defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers a The Indians ceded title to lands in Ohio in the Treaty of Greenville Washington s Farewell 1 Washington chose retirement over a third term a In his Farewell Address he warned against the growth of political parties and against involvement in foreign affairs Conflict in the Adams Administration A The Split Election of 1796 1 The Republicans ran Jefferson for president Aaron Burr for vice president a Both shared a belief in democracy and in republicanism 2 The Federalists were divided between the two candidates for president a Hamilton favored Thomas Pinckney 3 B C D b Most backed John Adams 3 Hamilton s scheme to elect Pinckney led to the election of a president and vice president from two different parties a Angry Federalists voted for Jefferson rather than Pinckney in the Electoral College b Adams won the presidency Jefferson the vice presidency 4 Adams angered the Republicans a He appointed Hamilton men to the cabinet and refused to appoint James Madison to a diplomatic post XYZ The Power of Patriotism 1 Adams faced conflict with France a The French cut off relations with the United States because of the Federalists pro British stance b They began to seize American ships c The XYZ Affair turned American public opinion against France 2 A quasi war between France and the United States began a Congress created a navy and authorized a standing army b Hostilities did not occur on land but did take place at sea 3 Federalists and Republicans differed sharply with regard to France a Federalists favored full scale war because of all that revolutionary France represented The War at Home 1 Congress enacted legislation to weaken the Republicans by countering the influence of immigrants a Naturalization Act extended residency requirement for citizenship from five to fourteen years b Alien Act allowed the president to deport foreigners identified as posing a danger to the United States c Sedition Act