HIST 1311 1st Edition Lecture 5 Current Lecture A B C Massachusetts Bay and Its Settlers 1 John Winthrop obtained a charter for a Puritan colony 2 During the 1630s a Great Migration of Puritans was fueled by religious tensions and economic distress in England 3 Massachusetts developed into a society of small farming villages and small seaport towns 4 Puritan ministers reinforced the ideal of a white paternal hierarchy within the family Government in Puritan Massachusetts 1 The colony s design was based on Puritan views of God s law a There was no social equality b Political participation was restricted to saints church members c Personal behavior was strictly regulated d Religious dissent was not tolerated 2 Quakers who challenged this system could eventually be hanged 3 Roger Williams preached freedom of religious belief a Banished for his views he established Rhode Island where church and state were kept separate 4 Anne Hutchinson criticized the Massachusetts clergy a Her followers included not only women but also merchants and artisans b She was banished for her unorthodox belief in direct communication with God 5 Some Puritans left Massachusetts voluntarily a Thomas Hooker and his followers as well as other Puritans established Connecticut b Others moved north to Maine and to the area that became the colony of New Hampshire Indian Suppression 1 War broke out with the Pequots in 1636 a It was part of a struggle between Massachusetts and the Connecticut Valley settlers over who would control Connecticut b The war ended with the destruction of the Pequots 2 King Philip s War began in 1675 a Its roots lay in Puritan expansion onto Indian lands These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute b D II American Indian resistance ceased permanently in New England when the Indians lost this war Change and Reaction in England and New England 1 Declining religious intensity was apparent by the 1660s a Fewer individuals qualified for church membership and therefore for political participation b The introduction of the Half Way Covenant allowed the Puritans to maintain political control 2 The English crown attempted to assert greater control a Charles II revoked the Massachusetts charter b James II established the Dominion of New England with Sir Edmund Andros as governor c Massachusetts overthrew Andros when news of the Glorious Revolution reached the colony 3 Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691 a The new charter granted by William and Mary ended Puritan political religious and social control b The Salem witchcraft episode occurred in the context of this great change The Pluralism of the Middle Colonies A From New Amsterdam to New York 1 A very diverse population settled in the colony which remained small and un prosperous 2 England seized control of New Netherland from the Dutch a While the new government was liberal the crown taxed the colony heavily and maintained political control b By 1685 James I now King of England had lost interest in the colony B William Penn s Holy Experiment 1 William Penn established Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers a The crown granted him a charter because of his political loyalty loans and his father s service to the king 2 Penn envisioned a colony built on Quaker values a These included social equality religious toleration genuine political participation and fair treatment for American Indians 3 Non Quaker immigrants moved the colony in other directions a They seized lands from the Indians b Quakers whose religious principles included pacifism left political life when western farmers demanded military action against the Indians III The Colonies of the Lower South A The Carolina Colony 1 Eight proprietors received title to Carolina from the crown a They hoped to establish a society there dominated by great landowners small farmers and serfs b The headright system of Virginia and Maryland quickly replaced the original plan 2 The Carolinas produced cash crops for export 3 The southern part of Carolina became the royal colony of South Carolina in 1719 4 The northern part of Carolina was settled by small farmers a Their economy centered on tobacco and naval stores 5 Both Carolinas eventually became royal colonies B Georgia the Last Colony 1 James Oglethorpe established Georgia as a place for imprisoned debtors to start their lives over 2 The intention was to create a colony of small farmers buying and selling land was prohibited as was slave labor a Settlers challenged both these ideals 3 Georgia became a royal colony in 1752 when Oglethorpe gave up on his project Conclusion These seventeenth century colonies had really little in common other than being loyal to a monarchy The settlements along the Atlantic Cost were both feudal and visionary Nonetheless this diverse group of individuals would later band together to free themselves from a so called oppressor But even after the struggle a rift would exist between the colonies