Phil 202 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Review of TermsII. Sufficient Reason and GodIII. The Mind and Body in terms of Pre-established HarmonyOutline of Current Lecture I. Who is Hume?II. Concerning Human Understanding Section 1 (Introduction)III. Section 2: Origin of IdeasCurrent LectureI. Who is Hume?- Hume: 1711-1776- Part of the “Scottish Enlightenment” along with Edmund Burk and Adam Smith- Hume centered himself more on the humanities; he wrote the standard of taste which isa philosophy on art.- Most famous book: “Treatise of Human Nature”- Descartes and Leibniz were rationalists. Hume was an empiricist.o Empiricists use the senses to justify knowledge; they attain knowledge/principle through experience.o Hume is more than an empiricist; he is an anti-rationalist.o Descartes and Leibniz need a principle (of sufficient reason) or foundation to have knowledge.o Hume calls for a less demanding knowledge where God is not necessary. o Hume liked Newton for using observations instead of principle.II. Concerning Human Understanding Section 1 (Introduction)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Two species of man:1) Man born for action (moral philosophers)2) Man as a reasonable being (abstract, metaphysical)- Hume thinks that reason and action are not related which goes against Leibniz.- Hume thinks #2 can lead to superstition because no proof, too abstract. - Hume is against Descartes, but addresses that reason is still important. We should just go about it in a different way.- Hume wants to study the mind as something that produces ideas.- He will give a descriptive account – mental geography (map of the mind)III. Section 2: Origin of Ideas- Descartes: asks why/how ideas are true- Hume: asks where ideas come fromObject -> Sense impression -> Idea1. Impressions – strong and vivid2. Ideas - weak- Beauty is something you need to experience (not just told about.)- You need to drink wine to know what it tastes like.Objections: 1) The detective gets impressions, goes home, thinks, thought of object comes to hima. But he is still getting his ideas from the original impression2) The idea of God is not from impressiona. Hume says we have this idea of perfection and thus, the idea of god comes from us and our impressions3) Missing shade of bluea. Hume came up with this objection on his own, but says this is only a specific instance and does not disprove the rest of his philosophy.b. An objection to his objection could be that through combining, we could use our impressions of blue to create new shade of blue. Ideas not from Impressions:∙1. The nature of things2. Freedom3. God4. Soul- These are metaphysical. Metaphysical things are often confounded with other ideaso Ex: freedom and morality- Hume warns not to trust ideas not from impressions. They are empty ideas.- Verification: things only have meaning if verified, need scientific