Phil 202 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. Impressions of the selfII. Misconceptions of the selfOutline of Current Lecture I. Morality and FactsII. Defining Reason in MoralityCurrent LectureI. Morality and Facts- Facts – objects; not right or wrong; TRUE or FALSE- Think: What is the basis for “ought”?o This can be answered with the following syllogism1) Helping people is good.2) You ought to do what is good.3) You ought to help others.- Passions – faculty for morality makes us act- Reason does not motivate us. Facts have nothing to do with morality.o Ex 1) Teacher gives student the wrong medicine by mistake. This is not immoral because the teacher wanted to help. This is simply an error in fact/reason.o Ex 2) The husband cheats on wife. Someone walks by and thinks mistress is wife, so does not say anything. The witness is not immoral because it is a mistake/ unintentional misconception.II. Defining Reason in Morality- Lying – telling a falsehood. Lying is analytic.- Morality – synthetic. There is no necessary connection between object and will. - There is no necessary connection to feeling sympathetic and the sympathy the person really deserves.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Think: What is the moral difference between humans and animals?o Parricide – immoral for humans, not for plants/animalso Kant would say reason is the moral difference.o Hume would say we have finer tuned feelings.o Objection to Hume: should change definition of reason Ex 1) You use reason to persuade someone not to do something bad like rob, suicide, etc.- Naturalistic Fallacy – “You can’t derive an ought from an is.o In other words, you cannot go from a description to evaluation.- Virtue ethics – a good character- morality is based on this and sentiment.o Education is important. o Adam Smith – “Theory of Sentiments”o Virtue is natural. (religious view)o Vice is not natural.o Hume says BOTH virtue AND vice are natural.o Hume thinks everything is natural except
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