Phil 202 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I. Hume and the Naturalistic ApproachII. Methods of InquiryIII. Regularity PrincipleOutline of Current Lecture I. What is Knowledge?II. Belief vs. FictionIII. Custom and HabitsCurrent LectureI. What is Knowledge?- Hume says the bases of knowledge is the senses.- This conflicts with Descartes who uses reason and calls senses into doubt.- Hume says reason does not guide us from observed to unobserved (problem of induction)- Knowledge (Contemporary Definition): JTB: Justified, True, Beliefo Gettier Problem: says JTB is still not knowledgeII. Belief vs. Fiction- In section two, Hume distinguishes between fiction and belief.- The difference is in the distinction of feeling. o Beliefs are based on strong feelings.o Analogy: Equate fiction to reading a novel and equate belief with reading history;the history reading is more vivid.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. Customs and Habits- We form habits by:o Contiguityo Resemblance: Show picture of a friend -> This is strong and habitual -> Will think of the thing clearly then Needs intention (goes beyond surface image)o Causation Causal inference – based on belief and habit to Hume, but not to Kant- Moral reasoning ~ Philosophical Reasoning- Probabilistic reasoning ~ Demonstrative Reasoning - Riddle to Hume’s Induction o Grue Paradox (by Nelson Goodman): Emeralds are green, but after a certain yearthey will no longer be green; they will be grue. The paradox seems absurd because we are used to the future resembling the past, not being different. Habit can lead to skepticism when it changes to
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