Phil 202 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. Kant on ReasonII. Categories of RelationOutline of Current Lecture I. Kant ReviewII. Kant on KnowledgeIII. Kant on the existence of GodCurrent LectureI. Kant Review1. Method: a. Transcendental Idealism/ Critical Idealismb. Necessary condition for possibility of experiencec. Concepts vs. Ideasd. Rules of thought: substance, cause, communitye. Understanding – Judge, S is P, organize experience2. Reason: a. Ask why – seeks uncondition – absolute3. Self: a. “I”4. Freedom:a. With respect to action5. God:a. No such thing for knowledgeb. Such a thing for moralityc. Book: Religion within the Bounds of ReasonThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Kant on Knowledge- If you make knowledge claims of the thing in itself, claims will be false.o Substance---persistence--- Soulo Causality--- succession/events--- Ultimate Causes- We can make the argument there is a beginning point of the universe or that there is no beginning point. o How do we know that there wasn’t existence before what we know from our experience?- 2 types of antimonies: 1. Mathematical – solve by staying in experience by keeping mathematical (resolves the above question)2. Dynamical – one part stays in experience; one part doesn’t.ABC (infinite chain of causes) --- Is there a first cause?- Freedom (And Reason – I ought to do x.)---Neumena---Phenomena/Appearance (in space and time)o Humans are subject to laws of nature and freedom.- Boundaries: can be pushed further- Limits: cannot be pushed further; absolute (Kant thinks reason is limited.)III. Kant on the existence of God- Kant argues against the ontological proof (God’s essence (perfection) proves God’s existence) for the existence of God.- God exists.o Descartes says this statement is analytic.o Kant says it is not because God is outside experience.o Kant also says it is not synthetic.- 100 talors/dollars argument:o $100 possible vs. actual does not change valueo Possibility of God and actual experiencing God does not add or take away qualityo Existence is not a
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