HIST 1312 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I The Regan Revolution a Conservatives and Reagan b Reagan and the Cold War c Iran Contra Affair d Reagan and Gorbachev e Reagan s Legacy II The Post Cold War World a The Crisis of Communism b A New World Order c The Gulf War d Visions of America s Role III A New Century and New Crises IV The War on Terrorism a Bush before September 11 b They Hate Freedom c The Bush Doctrine d The Axis of Evil Outline of Current Lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute I Topic 1 a Food b Drink II Topic 2 a Tobacco b Drugs Current Lecture Topic 1 Food Drink Food o o o o o o o o o o o o o The Bohemian Dinner 1930s 40s Humans were first hunters and gatherers After agricultural revolution approximately 10 000 years ago man became a farmer Restaurants came about during the Civil War Steamships and the Transcontinental Railroad finished in 1869 carried food products Refrigerator in carts invented in 1868 made this possible Food could now be transported Farmers in California Florida discovered how to transport oranges citrus fruits in general They cut off stems Wrapped them in paper Americans diets were beginning to change Farms increased from 2 million in 1860 to 6 million in 1905 People living on farms increased from 10 million in 1860 to 30 million in 1905 From 1870 1920 11 million people moved from countryside to cities for work 25 million immigrants migrated into US around same time into the city for work as well City dwellers have an indirect relationship with the food they consume now Rich people showed off their wealth by buying ridiculous opulent meals Eating habits changed Middle meal used to be known as dinner Last meal was known as supper However people working in the cities could not go home for dinner So dinner became known as lunch It was to be eaten quickly so that one could get back to work Fast food began in the 1930s o o o o o o o o o Drink o o City life promoted the idea of eating alone Automat vending machine Last one closed in 1991 served food without server cashier and no tipping All night diners had limited menu coffee shakes etc Increasing prevalence of processed and machine made foods Condiments mustard and ketchup Canned Foods Freezer Foods Mechanization machinery replaced humans Mechanization and better understanding of science caused farms to grow but the number of farmers to decrease th Mid 19 century to now huge shift from rural nation to an urban nation eating out more grocery shopping etc At first food was for sustenance have enough food to live Next food became about nutrition is it good or bad for you Now food has became about ethics concern about where and how food is produced Beverages coffee milk tea fruit juice water One of the most popular drink was mineral water came in many flavors It was considered healthy alternative compared to beer o Bottle soda became popular later in the 20 th century o Coca cola was derived for morphine addiction o 1880s it was labeled for a medicine o It originally had cocaine Topic 2 Drugs Tobacco Tobacco o Was used first by Native Americans o Exchange for the European gift of alcohol o Cigars became popular in the early 1800s o Negative health affects of tobacco were not known or understood o The use of cigarettes exploded after WWI o They were known as soldiers smoke o During the second WW cigarettes were at an all time high o Cigarettes were given as a ration for soldiers o Cigarette companies gave to soldiers for free o However in the 1930s researchers began to link cigarettes to cancer and shorter life span o Nobody at the time knew the exact chemical mechanisms that could cause cancer o The general public was uninformed widespread ignorance o 1952 Cancer by the Carton detailed the dangers of smoking o In 1953 cigarettes sells declined for the first time in 20 years o By 1954 the major tobacco companies formed the Tobacco Industry Research Council to counter the growing health concerns o They started to mass market filtered cigarettes that promised a healthier smoke o Sales rose again o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o In early 1960s surgeon generals advising committee was formed In 1964 Surgeon General Advising Committee releases a report that the average smoker was 9 10x more likely to develop lung cancer and listed the carcinogens The tobacco industry continued to make lots of money In 1965 Congress required Surgeon general labels on all cartons In 1968 non tobacco cigarette brand Bravo made out of lettuce It did not really work In 1971 all broadcasting of tobacco products were banned In 1987 Congress banned smoking on all planes 2 hours or less In 1990 smoking was banned on international buses and planes lasting six hours or less In 1994 Mississippi followed the first of 22 law suits to get smokers medical bills paid Tobaccos knew to get a good customer base that they had to get them when they were young In 1965 40 smoke In 2013 18 smoke Because fewer people were buying cigarettes the companies began to seek out other countries Tobacco companies are suing other countries who are trying to put restrictions on tobacco Drugs o Amphetamine Stimulant first made in 1887 Thought of as a medicine in 1920s Used to raise blood pressure Abuse began in 1930s when marketed as a benzidine Distributed to soldiers to combat fatigue and improve mood in WWII After war physicians prescribed for depression Truck drivers used to keep awake Actors would use for better performance Students used them for all night study sessions In 1960s the use of injectable version spread But in 1970s it became less popular Beginning in 1995 trafficking began for Crystal Meth o Opium Morphine and Heroin Opiates Became popular during the 19th century Readily available in drug stores and doctors commonly prescribed Chinese laborers who came to work on the railroads 1850s 60s brought the practice of smoking opiates Morphine was made in Germany in 1803 It was a pain medicine Mid 1800s when the syringe was invented the morphine could be injected Morphine was addicted Heroin was made in Germany in 1895 and Bayer began to market it Heroin was used for morphine addiction Free samples of heroin were mailed to morphine addicts Heroin is addictive as well Heroin became popular in the US at first because of the Harlem Jazz scene US soldiers like heroin as well and in 1971 10 of US soldiers were addicted