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UT Arlington HIST 1312 - Fighting World War II

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HIST 1312 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture I. The War at Homea. The Progressives’ Warb. The Wartime Statec. The Propaganda Ward. The Coming of Women Suffragee. Prohibitionf. Liberty in Wartimeg. Espionage Acth. Coercive PatriotismOutline of Current Lecture II. Fighting World War IIa. Good Neighborsb. The Road to Warc. Isolationismd. War in Europee. Toward Interventionf. Pearl Harborg. The War in the Pacifich. The War in EuropeIII. The Home Fronta. Mobilizing for the Warb. Business and the Warc. Labor in Wartimed. Fighting for the Four Freedomse. The Fifth Freedomf. Women at WarCurrent LectureFighting World War II- Good Neighborso 1930s – America is involved with the Great Depression and international affairs become minor to themo FDR embarked on a number of departures in foreign policyo 1933 – FDR exchanged ambassadors with Russia in an attempt to increase tradeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o FDR formalized US’s right to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of Latin America (Good Neighbor Policy US lent its support to dictators, acknowledging that they now controlled them This offered belated recognition of the sovereignty of America’s neighbors- The Road to Waro 1931 – Seeking to expand its military and economic power in Asia, Japan invaded Manchuria When the Japanese overran the city of Nanjing, they massacred an estimated 300,000 Chinese prisoners of war and civilianso Adolf Hitler gained control of Germany as Chancellor (1933) 1936 – Hitler sent troops to Rhineland, a demilitarized zone between France andGermany With no opposition, Hitler was convinced that the democracies could not musterthe will to halt his aggressive plans 1938 – Hitler annexed Austria and Sudetenland By himself he could have done very little; he did all with cooperation of the people He convinced the German public that the Jews were the cause of the financial problems He raised Germany from depression Hitler ignored the Treaty of Versailles, which said all was to blame on Germany for WWIo Roosevelt became more and more alarmed at Hitler’s aggression as well as his accelerating campaign against German Jews  Nazis stripped them of citizenship and property and began to deport them to concentration camps Roosevelt was forced to agree to the policy of “appeasement” adopted by Britain and France, which hoped that by agreeing to Hitler’s demands, war couldbe evaded- Isolationismo Most Americans believed Japanese and German threat to be distanto Hitler had more than a few admirers in US Many Americans were obsessed with the threat of communism, so they believed German power to be the counterweighto Trade continued throughout the 1930s with Japan and Germanyo Many Americans believed US involvement in WWI was a mistake Ethnic allegiances reinforced Americans’ traditional reluctance to enter foreign conflicto Isolationism – the 1930s version of Americans’ long –standing desire to avoid foreign entanglements – dominated Congresso Beginning in 1935, lawmakers passed a series of neutrality acts that banned travel on belligerents’ ships and the sale of arms to countries at war These policies were thought of to try to keep US out of war- War in Europeo Munich agreement of 1938 – France and Britain caved to Hitler’s aggressiono 1939 – Soviet Union proposed an international agreement to oppose further German demands for territory Britain and France saw Germany as a bulwark against the spread of communist influence and refusedo Stalin surprised world by signing a nonaggression pact with Hitler, his former enemyo September 1, 1939 – Germany invades Poland Britain and France declared war Within a year, Nazi blitzkrieg (lightning war) had overrun Poland and much of Scandinavia, Belgium, and the Netherlands 1942 – restrictions began on Jewish life; within four years, 5-6 million of Europe’s 7.3 million Jews were killedo June 14, 1940 – German troops occupy Paris Hitler now occupied nearly all of Europe September 1940 – Germany, Italy, and Japan created a military alliance (Axis)- Toward Interventiono Roosevelt knew that Hitler would become an imposing threat Most Americans wanted to remain out of the war desperately 1940 – Congress approved the sale of arms to Britain on a “cash and carry;” meaning that US would be paid in cash and then be trans[ported to British ships Plans were also approved for military rearmamento Opponents of American involvement organize the America First Committee Henry Ford, Father Coughlin, Charles A. Lindbergho 1940 – Roosevelt runs for a third term After victory, Roosevelt announced that the US would become the “arsenal of democracy” by providing Britain and China with military supplies o 1941 – Lend-Lease Act – authorized military aid so long as countries promised somehow to return it all after the war FDR also froze Japanese assets in the US, halting all trade between the two- Pearl Harboro December 7, 1941 – Japanese planes, launched from aircraft carriers, bombed the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii The first attack by a foreign power on American soil since the War of 1812 This was a complete and devastating surprise 2,000 American servicemen killedo Roosevelt asked Congress for a declaration of war Only 1 opposing vote – Jeanette Rankin of Montana; she also voted against WWI- The War in the Pacifico WWII has been called “gross national product war” meaning that its outcome of the war was based on which country could out produce the othero Early 1942 – Japan conquers Burma, Siam, Dutch Indies It also occupied Guam, the Philippines and other Pacific islands German submarines sank hundreds of Allied merchant and naval vessels during the Battle of the Atlantico May 1942 – Battle of the Coral Sea – American navy turned back a Japanese fleet intent on attacking Australia In the following month, US inflicted devastating losses on the Japanese navy at the Battle of Midway Island  US began to advance closer to Japan- The War in Europeo By spring of 1943 – Allies gained upper hand in the Atlantic, as British and American destroyers and planes devastated German submarine fleeto July 1943 – American and British force invade Sicily  Uprising in Rome


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UT Arlington HIST 1312 - Fighting World War II

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