HIST 1312 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 7 World War I - Serbian nationalism; Gavrilo Princip and the assassination of Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914)o This was the start of WWIo Austria-Hungary declared war – July 28, 1914- a local conflict became a world war - trench warfare on the western front - U.S. entry into the war: German sub warfare; Zimmermann telegram o May 1915 – German submarine sank the liner Lusitania – killed 124 Americanso March 1917 – British spies intercepted and made public the Zimmerman telegram Was a message from Germans to Mexicans to strike a deal that if Mexico declared war on US and kept them occupied, then Germany would help Mexico regain lands lost in the Mexican-American war- the Versailles Treaty and end of the war o Germany was blamed for the entirety of the warGermany and Japan in the 1930s - Germans’ anger and humiliation over losing, and being blamed for WWI - rise of the Nazis and Hitler o Adolf Hitler gained control of Germany as Chancellor (1933)o Hitler ignored the Treaty of Versailles, which said Germany could not rebuild an army- Japan’s empire building in the Pacific: invasion of China; atrocities; racist ideology World War II - Germany’s invasion of Poland and the start of WWII in Europe - Germany’s rapid takeover of Europe o June 14, 1940 – German troops occupy Pariso Hitler now occupied nearly all of Europeo September 1940 – Germany, Italy and Japan created a military alliance (Axis)- initial U.S. determination to stay out of the war o Most Americans wanted to remain desperately out of the war- Pearl Harbor and U.S. entry into the war in the Pacific and in Europe o December 7, 1941 – Japanese planes bombed the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaiio 2,000 American servicemen were killedo Roosevelt asks Congress for a Declaration of War- progress of World War II in the Pacific, North Africa and Europe - how the war ended in Europe (D-Day, fall of Germany) and the Pacific (atomic bombing of Japan)Post-World War II and the Cold War - reconstruction of Europe: Marshall Plan o Offered a positive vison to go along with containmento Marshall insisted that the policy was directed not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos- United Nations o There would be a General Assembly – essentially a forum of discussion where each member enjoyed an equal voiceo There would also be a Security Council responsible for maintaining world peace- division of Europe: NATO; Warsaw Pact - U.S. vs. Soviet Union; communism vs. capitalism; Truman Doctrine o Set a precedent for American assistance to anticommunist regimes throughout the world- nuclear weapons - Korean War; division of Korean Peninsula - Vietnam War - Cuba: Bay of Pigs; missile crisis - Berlin Wallo Solidified in 1991- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan - Reagan, Gorbachev and the fall of the Soviet Union post-Cold War - rise of al Qaeda- Taliban takeover of Afghanistan - 1993 World Trade Center bombing; 1998 attacks on U.S. embassies in Africa; 2000 attack on USS Cole - 9/11o Bush stated that terrorist attacked the US “because we lover freedom that’s why. And they hate freedom.”o In his State of Union address of January 2002, the president accused Iraq, Iran, and North Korea of harboring terrorist and developing “weapons of mass destruction” – nuclear, chemical, and biological – that posed a potential threat tothe