AVS 324 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. DiseaseII. Avian InfluenzaIII. Water FowlIV. Live Bird MarketsV. Destroying a flockVI. Exotic Newcastle DiseaseOutline of Current Lecture I. Coccidiosis II. Coccidioustat III. Chicken MitesIV. Salmonella Pullorum V. Looking for diseaseVI. Fowl TyphoidVII. Salmonella Enteritidis VIII. Marek's diseaseIX. Chicken lungsCurrent Lecture- Coccidiosis protozoa (almost parasitic)o Host specific: cannot travel from species to species Ex: chicken to turkeyo Impossible to destroyo Manifest in intestines (destroys inner lining of intestines)o 4 to 7 days after exposure: diarrhea startso Depression in animals not eating properly, feathers not wello No treatmento If you have a high death loss (i.e. 70%) try and drop death loss by appropriate vaccination Although vaccine is not 100% affectiveo If you have a low death loss (i.e. 1-2 chickens) maintain biosecurity o As virus infects flock to flock, there is a higher and higher death loss That’s why broiler facilities are all in & all outo If a chicken recovers, they can still spread itThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Strong bacteria (can hang around in environment) Gets progressively worseo Coccidioustat antibiotic that works well to prevent this disease (brand: “Corid”) Not cheap but will decrease incidents of disease Can keep disease in control Stop giving at 3-4 weeks old Give along with probiotics keeps healthy People lazy/cheap: serious problemso Goats are highly susceptible to this disease, also rabbits, chicken and turkeyo Chickens have mutually no defense against disease- What you expose outside birds to, will kill broilers/egg layers- Chicken Mites blood suckerso Ectoparasiteo Need moisture to survive o Host specific (attack individual)o Can see w/ naked eyeo Cause severe scabbing on legs, anorexia, anemia (in severe levels), egg loss, losing featherso Give Ivermectin  Put on back of comb, under each wing, and at tail heado Need host to surviveo Two types of mites Red mite Northern mite (gray color)o Checking for mites Hold upside down and look under wings (at white part) Hold upside down and blow on vent (will see them run)- Salmonella Pullorum o Specific to chickenso Spread through eggso Attacks digestive tracto Laying birds (infected but recovered) Chicks hatch & 1-3 days later are dead (quick killer)o Diarrhea: goes from yellowwhiteblood Pasty diarrheao In shell chicks get infected while developing 100% death losso Infected chicks spread to other chicks in a different batch of non-infected eggs o This disease almost disappearedo NPIP (National Poultry Improvement Plan) set up to deal with this disease Actually wrote laws about destroying flock if one adult is infected but healed - When looking for diseaseo Necropsy ASAP (look in ceca)o All chicken diseases present themselves the same wayo When dealing with birds, you cannot worry about the health of an individual, butthe health of the flock- Fowl Typhoid (salmonella) o Affects older birdso Can carry as chicks but will show itself only when oldero Host specific as wello Affects the livero Systemic disease- Salmonella Enteritidiso Human form of salmonellao Warmth causes replication of bacteria Ex: when leaving raw eggs next to a cooktop o Located in the chickens digestive system  When they lay egg bacteria gets into egg Vent shared btw the cloaca and digestive systemo When eggs hatched mildly disinfected Disinfectant gets btw cracks in calcium o Keeping carcasses clean & chilled helps prevent thiso Largest outbreak of salmonella= California In watermelon (imported from Mexico) On outside of watermelon When cutting (put knife through entire watermelon) So wash outside w/ soapy water before - Biosecurity cheap o Disease in facility human error (not animals fault)- Marek’s Disease (not on test)o Vaccine 99% effective (2-3 cents per bird)o Almost eliminated disease- Chicken Lungso Because bird lungs have air sacs attached to them, they get a double dose of oxygen with every breath o Any kind of Pneumonia, Airsacculitis, Avian Influenza, VVND, or rapid disease serious