AVS 324 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Functional CecumII. ColicIII. Body Condition ScoreIV. Feed qualityV. Buying a horseVI. VaccinationsOutline of Current Lecture I. Equine Infectious Anemiaa. Coggins TestII. Appropriate Vaccinationsa. Rabiesb. Tetanusc. Eastern (& Western) Equine Encephalitisd. West Nile VirusCurrent Lecture- Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)o Test for it using a Coggins Test  Only required & appropriatetesting for EIA Does not require a permanentform of identification  Better way to identify would bewith freeze branding under themaneo Test is required annually o If you move between states get tested 6-8 weeks after movingo Host: Horseo Vector: Horsefly Bite, don’t sting and when the horse start to bleed, theylick up the bloodo Incidence of disease is directly related to the number of flies and the amount of infected horsesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Long term effectso No treatment or cureo Positive EIA test result: horse must be euthanized  Sometimes the govt. will grant exceptions if you have a complete biosecure facility (very rare though)o Horse industry is a pet industry Therefore cannot get rid of the disease until horses become govt. regulatedo Other countries don’t test for it- Appropriate Vaccinationo Rabieso Tetanuso EEE/WEEo West Nile Virus- No vaccine is 100% effective- Rabies:o 2 strains sympathetic & ferocious straino Horse is infected: euthanize immediately o Vaccinate for rabieso Amount of rabies in the area is directly related to the amount of skunks in the area Skunks are seen around horse barns & in the stalls with horses If a skunk bites a horse, the chance of seeing it is very difficult o One of the symptoms: salivation B/c the virus replicates in the salivary glandso How fast symptoms develop depends on the location of the bite and severity of the bite Ex: If the bite is small and on the foot, it will take longer to develop than ifthe bite is severe and on the neck (closer to the brain)o Rabies cannot survive long outside the bodyo If a dog gets bitten put on gloves & goggles and give the dog a warm soapy batho If a horse is bitten put on gloves & goggles and give it a bath as well. Then call the vet and get a booster shoto Vaccinate every year risk of exposure is higher than a dogo If there is a bat in the house assume rabieso No vaccine is 100% effective- Tetanus (Lock Jaw)o All striated (long muscles) in body lock up o Very deadlyo Caused by Clostridium (Anaerobic Bacteria)o Step on a sharp object puncture wound… would closes up bacteria begins toclose up bacteria begins to replicate, a deadly toxin o Not zoonotico Tetanus shot for horses is very affectiveo Antitoxin one time shot that prevents toxin from developing (right after puncture wound)o Once horse develops symptoms euthanize ito Work around horses get tetanus shot every 5 yearso Vaccinate horses every year- Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) / Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)o Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain o Vector Mosquitoo Natural occurring host Birds o Zoonotic from birds to man or birds to horse Not from horse to mano Eastern is more severe than westerno Loss of coordinationo Neurological symptomso Directly related to weather conditions Appropriate time to vaccinatetowards end of spring- So vaccination is at peak during the end of summer when mosquitoes are most prominent Down south vaccinate two times a year b/c mosquitos never go awayo Endemic o Deadly once symptoms occur euthanize - West Nile Virus (Encephalitis):o Foreign animal disease on a plane from Egypt into JFK Summer day mosquitos left cargo plane Expanded from JFKo Birds are primary host: transmitted to man &transmitted to horseo Didn’t infect the horses expected  Horses infected were teens (high death loss) o Directly related to mosquito problemo Find dead crows infected one of the primary hostso Humans can recover from ito Good vaccine for horses High