AVS 324 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. Review of material (on chickens)II. MoltIII. “Free-Range”IV. Digestive systemV. Broiler housingOutline of Current Lecture I. DiseaseII. Avian InfluenzaIII. Water FowlIV. Live Bird MarketsV. Destroying a flockVI. Exotic Newcastle DiseaseCurrent Lecture- Strict Biosecurity best way to keep chickens healthyo If you can’t use biosecurity, use appropriate vaccination- Birds, Horses, Pigs, Humanso All get Type Afluo Zoonosis possibleo If you give to a pig they can become a multiplier species and take the virus and mutate it into a new one- Fluo H7N2o H5N1- Water Fowl biggest transmitter of flu virus on planet o Migrate (co-mingle up north and when they travel down south they bring the virus with them)o High level of exposure in the East b/c people live in close quarters with animalsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Dead birds, possibly humans, both are high pathogenic flu- Live Bird Markets can spread H7N2 or H5N1o Get flu in spring from migration of water fowl o Water fowl are very resistant to avian influenza - Walk into a coop infected and hear snickering noises(chicken sneezing) - The virus has two forms: high pathogenic and lowpathogenic o If you lose 10-20% of your flock you should be concernedo Affects chickens, turkeys, game birds, not so much duck, or water fowlo Take blood & serum samples from flock Inject in 10 eggs- If 7 or more die high pathogenic- If 4 or less die low pathogenico High Pathogenic can affect in 48 hours Not unusual to have 90% death loss No good vaccineo Low Pathogenic 40% drop in production Low to no deaths- Spanish flu derived from bird flu- Large facilities get sicker than backyard birds- www.OIE.into World Organization For Animal Healtho Stats on Avian Influenza - Devastating to commercial industryo 30 day quarantineo Burn cages then disinfecto Put in SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) birds in the infected area to see if they catch the virus and kill them after 30 days to see if they have the pathogen in their body- Once you think your flock is infected epidemiologist is sent to do swabs of throat and cloacao If it is in both the throat and the cloaca, than virus is low path b/c it has passed through the entire body- Destroying a flocko By CO2 poisoning (rob them of O2) b/c they are very susceptible to this b/c they have many air sacks in bodyo Small flock put in barrel & pump in CO2 for 30 secondso Ducks can hold breath under water, so when pump CO2 into barrel they will hold their breathe Ducks start to die severe case- Spring time: wild ducks in w/ domestic (flu)- Symptoms eggs w/ no shell, eating decreases, egg production decreases as well, not interactive w/ humans- If passes through body sent to slaughter after they are finished laying (and sell eggs)- Most expensive to industry- Can become a pandemic - Only preventation biosecurityo Can be 99% secure, still can get the virus can get in- Exotic Newcastle Diseaseo Also zoonotic  Causes conjunctivitis in humans o 3 formso Lentogenic mild form Vaccine & in USAo Mesogenic more severe Vaccine & in USAo Valogenic (VVND) severe form No vaccine, not in USA Found in Central & South America Neurological component High death loss Double Yellow Headed Mexican Parrot- Vocal, loud parrot- Carry VVND- Every bird born in USA has a solid bando Split band not