AVS 324 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. Family EquidaeII. HorsesIII. UsesIV. TermsV. BusinessOutline of Current Lecture I. Functional CecumII. ColicIII. Body Condition ScoreIV. Feed qualityV. Buying a horseVI. VaccinationsCurrent Lecture- Horses have very good hearing & eyesight (peripheral vision) o Cannot see in front of them (never stand directly in front of horse)- Prey animals (run away ~ many muscles in body to make them capable to do so)- Cardiac Sphincter valve will never open, when grazing HCl will enter esophagus if the valve opens. o From a digestive standpoint colichas to travel…  4 ft. through esophagus Through a 17 qt. stomach 70 ft. through the smallintestine 4 ft. through the cecum 11 ft. through the largecolon 11 ft. through the smallcolon And finally out a 1 ft.rectumThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Over 100 ft in total To go from one end to the other: 24 hours depending on what the horse ate- Horses have a very sensitive digestive system- Horse has a functional cecumo Digestion occurs (breaks down cellulose & produces volatile fatty acids to give them energy)  Cecum is symbiotic relationship with the different microbes in it that break down cellulose When microbes die they produce protein (not very usable though)o Cecum is a dead end pouch so if it stops working there will be problems- When a horse has rolls around cecum may twist o Major surgery (may not make it to the table)- Organs held in place by mesenteryo Like a net that holds everything in placeo Disturb the net and you will have major problems- Colic: not a disease, a condition o Digestive distresso Can happen anywhere in the digestive system (but mainly in the stomach)o If it occurs further down the digestive system it is more seriouso Sedentary (inactive) and overweight horses have a higher chance of getting colico Turn horses out in the spring time on lush pasture eat a lot colic- Livestock all animals are identified from the herd of origino In some countries we do this with horses (by freeze branding) This helps with disease prevention and control- Good quality hay continually keeps digestive system flowingo Keep stomach full at all times (good)o Keep food available at all times- Body Condition scoreo 110o EmaciatedObese o Btw a 4 & 6 is a normal horseo As horse exceeds 6, the fat on itsneck begins to showo Withers can feel the fat on bonystructureo Run hands across the ribs: can feelthe ribs but not see themo Do not increase or decrease thecalories too quickly (will colic)- Buying a Horse:o Adequate place to keep ito Buy from a reputable source ($2,000)o Get a vet check ($350)o Find the history of vaccination (Health Certificate) from licensed vet Start at nose, all the way to back end Walk the horse aroundo Farrier check ($150)o Feed  Bale of hay ($10 a bale)(A bale is 60-80 pounds)- Split open dusty inside do not feed- Should be light green and smell fresh- Should be multiple lengths (LongShort fibers) Bay of grain ($30 a bag)(50 pound bag)- Will go moldy quick bc of the molasses Find out what the previous owner is feeding & if you want to change do over a long period of timeo Proper vaccinations Rabies:- If they get symptoms, they die- It’s a virus (nondiscriminatory)- Incubation depends on location & severity of biteo On back & minor bite it can take 6 months to appear- Revaccinate o Exposure is high b/c they’re outside all day Tetanus:- Caused by the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium Tetani - Puncture wound closes (from nail, etc.), perfect environment for bacteria to grow- Also known as Lock Jaw (paralyzes striated muscles [jaw, diaphragm, legs, long muscles, etc.])o Cannot open and close jawo Diaphragm will stop functioning properly (shallow