AVS 324 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Baby ChicksII. LayersIII. BroilersIV. CaponsOutline of Current Lecture I. FeedsII. Marketing productIII. TurkeysIV. Terms for chickensV. Disease recapCurrent Lecture- Feeds important* that there is high protein for younger birdso Protein most expensive part of feedo Carbso Fatso Vitamins/minerals- Be creative with feedo Midwest & Deep South feed chickens soybean & corno Northeast keep protein cost low- Too much protein: pee it out (waste of $)- Feed conversion ratio= 1.9:1 in Chickenso 1.8:1 in Turkeys (the best)o Ratio is pounds of feed : pounds of bird- Broilers are crossbredo Never get to sexual maturity because of weight- Marketing product…o Make it look goodo Thanksgiving people spend the most $ on food (specialty turkeys)- USDA version of “fresh”o Keep meat in freezer for 10 monthso Thaw at 34°F & sell- Turkeys: 28 day incubation periodThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Reach sexual maturity in 30 weekso Use artificial insemination b/c breast meat is too large to mount female- http://www.livestockconservancy.org/o Beltsville Small White Turkey USDA creation  Not as popular b/c too small (almost extinct)o Narragansett Turkey cross bred wild turkeys w/ European breed Not feed efficient, & small birds- Easter baby lambs/goats can sell at higher price b/c people will buy o Large companies (like Tyson) cannot even competeo Babies are fragile and large companies cannot raise them efficiently o People in sheep industry will breed sheep to account for good size Easter lambso Goats are much more fragile than lambs are when borno Bred in fall now grass not available b/c of the snow Feed high quality hayo Small farmers have advantage in religious holiday season - Female chicken is a Hen after laying an egg o Pullet before reaching sexual maturity - Rooster is a male chickeno Castrated male chicken is a capon Once castrated they put on more fat and are jucier- Layers females only- Broilers males/femaleso Males are slightly biggero 6-7 weeks old is max productiono As bird matures fat laying inc- Biosecurity is keyo Birds panic quick - Avian Influenza most devastating b/c…o Poultry industry the effect on poultry is devistatingo Human health is at risk- Exotic Newcastle Disease 3 formso Valogenic (VVND) is the most dangerous - Coccidiousiso USA most expensive diseaseo Feed coccioustat o Once a bird is sick & gets better it can still continue to infect others- Broilers are all in, all out o Baby chicks cannot regulate body temp for 10 days after birth Put on newspaper, not shavings b/c they will eat the shavings and fill up Feed electrolytes - Laying birds raise pulletso Want lots of eggs and largeo 2 year period useful lifespano 52 week laying period molt They go into a fast Shutoff lights Lights back on and at 70% production  Only molt once in the 2 year lifespano Causes of molt Egg production Food price- Backyard birds molt on their owno For 2 days straight they look like hell (loose feathers)- Overcrowd bird leads to cannibalismo Happens frequently in battery cages Use beak blinders/caps (cannot see other birds) Or clip beaks- It is difficult for birds to get accustomed to situations, so you must raise as cage birds- Germicidal disk site of fertilization- Need to have proper temp & rotate egg- Quiz on Thursday o Midterm might be after Spring