MCB 100 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. Properties of living matter II. Common elements that are common in living matter III. Important chemistry terms IV. Differences between ionic and covalent bonds V. Organic compoundsVI. Organic functional groups (important!) Outline of Current Lecture I. Polar and nonpolar covalent bonds II. DNACurrent LectureI. Polar Covalent Bonds vs. Non-polar covalent bondsA. Non polar covalent bond forms when two atoms share a pair of electrons equallyB. Both atoms end up with no net charge C. If 2 atoms share a pair of electrons unequally, one ends up with a slight positive charge --> polar bond D. Factor that determines if a pair of electron will be shared equally or unequally is the electronegativity of the atoms that participate in the chemical bond.i. Electronegativity is a measure of the affinity of an atom for valence electrons E. Must know how to tell non-polar from polar covalent bonds!F. Weak non-covalent bonds are called hydrogen bonds G. Since oxygen has a greater electronegativity than hydrogen, water is a polar solvent H. Organic compounds with polar functional groups are much more soluble in waterthan saturated hydrocarbons II. DNA A. Double stranded molecule that can be up to 100 million base pairs long B. Genetic material in all cellular life forms C. Chromosome contains a single large molecule of DNA; can carry enough information to encode thousands of genesD. RNAi. mRNA: carries genetic information to direct synthesis of 1-a few proteins ii. rRNA: part of the structure of the ribosome, which makes new proteins These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. tRNA: facilitates the correct alignment of amino acids for protein synthesis E. Nucleotides: relatively small units that make up a molecule of DNA i. Consists of three parts: a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), a nitrogen containing base (attached to carbon-1 of the sugar), one or morephosphate groups (attached to carbon 5 of the sugar) ii. ATP: adenosine triphosphate- the base is adenine, sugar is ribose which has -OH groups at both position 2 and 3 has 2 phosphate groups F. Every DNA base pair has one purine and one pyrimidine to keep diameter of double helix regular (structure) G. Structure of DNA: 2 strands of double stranded DNA are held together by complementary hydrogen-bonding between the bases i. thymine pairs with adenine forming 2 hydrogen bonds ii. Cytosine pairs with guanine forming 3 hydrogen bonds iii. Read DNA strand from 5' end to 3' end iv. Double helix has two grooves: major groove and minor grooveH. Additional notes: i. We say that the two strands of DNA are "antiparallel". Why?1. Nucleotide sugars are asymmetrical, so when paired, strand has tobe
View Full Document
Unlocking...