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UIUC MCB 100 - Ch. 11: Prokaryotic Microorganisms (cont.)

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MCB 100 1st Edition Lecture 34 Outline of Last Lecture I. Glycolytic facultative anaerobesOutline of Current Lecture I. Glycolytic facultative anaerobes (cont.) Current LectureI. Glycolytic Facultative anaerobes (cont.) A. Septicemiai. Multiplication of organisms in bloodii. May follow bacteremia (bacteria in blood)iii. Usually results from an infection that begins elsewhere in body1. Endotoxins often involved (LPS, outer membrane of gram negative bacteria) ii. Symptoms: chills, fever, shaking, nervousness, rapid breathingiii. Treat with antimicrobial specific to agent A. Lymphangitis: infection of lymphatic system seen in septicemia i. Lymphatic system- parallel circulatory system1. Interstitial spaces2. Lymphatic ducts3. Lymph nodes4. Lymphatic vessels ii. Plasma and white blood cells leave capillaries and move into lymph nodes- where microorganisms are filtered out of body fluids iii. Lymphatic vessels return to interstitial fluid to the heart in one-way flowiv. "war" between invading microorganisms and immune system takes place in lymphatic system- especially lymph nodes A. Bubonic and Pneumonic plague i. Black death- plague epidemics killed vast numbers of people, especially in middle agesii. Yersinia pestis is a gram negative rod shaped bacteria iii. Plague is a zoonosis that mainly infects rodentsiv. Flee bites = main mode of transmission of plague v. 2 clinical manifestations- 2 modes transmissionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Bubonic: transmitted by the bite of an infected flea swollen, necrotic lympth nodes = buboes 1-6 day incubation period after flea bite --> ISN'T SPREAD PERSON TO PERSON 2. Pneumonic: transmitted by aerosol from infected person severe infection of the lung, coughing very short incubation period (less than a day)--> VERY CONTAGIOUS ii. Bacteria can survive weeks in dried sputumiii. Streptomycin, tetracycline, gentamyciniv. No vaccine in US v. Symptoms: 1. Enlarge lymph nodes (buboes)2. Fever3. Shock, delirium4. Bleeding under skin5. Bloody cough (if pneumonic) ii. High mortality: 50% or higherB. Vibrionaceae i. Vibrio cholera 1. causes severe form of diarrhea2. Most common in warm estuarial waters3. Pathogen transmitted in fecal-oral cycle4. Bacteria stick to chitin and are often found stuck to larger bits of debris (fungal fragments, insects, copepods, and other small invertebrates)5. Infectious dose = ~1 million bacterial cells 6. Cholera toxin binds to intestinal lining and causes loss of fluid and electrolytes7. Choleragen attaches to intestinal lining 8. Bacteria are heat labile 9. To prevent death- rehydrate 10. Death from shock (reduced blood volume) 11. Tetracycline clears up the infection but the toxin is the cause of the disease i. Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes diarrheaii. Vibrio vulnificus- virulent species that causes a rapidly progressive wound infections after exposure to contaminated sea water B. Pasteurellaceaei. Haemophilus influenza1. does not cause flu but is involved in cellulitis, pneumonia and meningitis2. Gram negative rods3. Contagious via droplets 4. 6-7 serotypes (type b is more common) 5. Common cause of otitis media6. Can cause meningitis symptoms that are same as meningococcal meningitis without rash7. Treatment- chloramphenicol and ampicillin8. HiB vaccine i. Pasteurella multocida causes hemorrhagic septicemia in animals ii. Haemophilus aegyptius causes conjunctivitis- pink eye B. Otitis media i. Middle ear infections usually caused by throat organisms ii. Middle ear connected to throat by Eustacian tube- swelling of tube prevents drainage and increases fluid in middle eariii. More common in children because angle and size of eustacian tubes change as we ageiv. Chronic ottitis media- doctors may elect to drain the fluid using tympanotomy tube through the eardrumv. Treated with amoxicillin- has a narrow spectrum to not disturb normal flora elsewhere in the bodyvi. Can be caused by various bacteria that are often part of the normal flora of mouth, pharynx, nose 1. Streptococcus pneumonia, haemophilus influenza, moraxella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes A. Legionella and Coxiella i. Intracellular parasite bacteria ii. Legionella pneumophilia causes lung infection 1. Fatal infection2. Gram negative rod, aerobic bacteria 3. Common aquatic organism that thrives in temps between 25-45 degrees C; optimum is around 35 degrees C 4. Invades freshwater amoebae 5. Incubation time: 2-10 days 6. Symptoms: headache, fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea. Death caused by endotoxin shock or kidney failure. It can be treated with high doses of erythromycin and riframpin 7. Can occur as pneumonia, or as Pontiac fever- a milder respiratory illness- resembles fluii. Coxiella burnetii 1. causes Q-fever2. characterized by respiratory symptoms that are usually mild3. similar to atypical pneumonia but can spread to liver and spleen and develop into acute Q-fever (difficult to treat because it survives within host cell vacuoles) A. Tularemiai. Zoonosis- rabbit fever, tick fever- infects rabbits, muskrats, and many other animals ii. Franciscella tularensis is in gamma- proteobacteria group iii. Gram negative coccobacilli strict aerobeiv. Lives freely in water and as an intracellular parasitev. Spread via flea and tick bites- or enters small cut and scratches when skinning wild animals vi. Cutaneous and pneumonic forms vii. Low infectious dose and pneumonic form can be fatalviii. Incubation time: 2-5 days after biteix. Symptoms: fever, chills, aches, skin ulcer, enlarged lymph nodes, night sweats, chest discomfort, dry coughx. Treated with streptomycin, tetracycline, and gentamycin xi. Vaccine available xii. Potential bioterrorist agentxiii. Virulence factors: 1. Lipid capsule- lets bacteria survive within macrophages2. Endotoxins- causes symptoms3. B-lactamase- resists penicillinsii. People at risk: hunters, trappers, taxidermists, hikers, clinical microbiologistsB. Gardnerellai. Gardnerella vaginalisi. Gram-variable, pleiomorphic rod ii. Doesn’t form capsules or endospores iii. Common cause of bacterial vaginosisiv. Not considered a sexually transmitted diseasev. Can be isolated from women without any symptoms of infectionvi. Associated microscopically with clue cells, which are vaginal epithelial cells thatare covered in bacteria vii. Produces a pore-forming toxin called vaginolysin,


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UIUC MCB 100 - Ch. 11: Prokaryotic Microorganisms (cont.)

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