HIST 1312 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I The War at Home a The Progressives War b The Wartime State c The Propaganda War d The Coming of Women Suffrage e Prohibition f Liberty in Wartime g Espionage Act h Coercive Patriotism Outline of Current Lecture II Fighting World War II a Good Neighbors b The Road to War c Isolationism d War in Europe e Toward Intervention f Pearl Harbor g The War in the Pacific h The War in Europe III The Home Front a Mobilizing for the War b Business and the War c Labor in Wartime d Fighting for the Four Freedoms e The Fifth Freedom f Women at War Current Lecture Fighting World War II Good Neighbors o 1930s America is involved with the Great Depression and international affairs become minor to them o FDR embarked on a number of departures in foreign policy o 1933 FDR exchanged ambassadors with Russia in an attempt to increase trade These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o FDR formalized US s right to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of Latin America Good Neighbor Policy US lent its support to dictators acknowledging that they now controlled them This offered belated recognition of the sovereignty of America s neighbors The Road to War o 1931 Seeking to expand its military and economic power in Asia Japan invaded Manchuria When the Japanese overran the city of Nanjing they massacred an estimated 300 000 Chinese prisoners of war and civilians o Adolf Hitler gained control of Germany as Chancellor 1933 1936 Hitler sent troops to Rhineland a demilitarized zone between France and Germany With no opposition Hitler was convinced that the democracies could not muster the will to halt his aggressive plans 1938 Hitler annexed Austria and Sudetenland By himself he could have done very little he did all with cooperation of the people He convinced the German public that the Jews were the cause of the financial problems He raised Germany from depression Hitler ignored the Treaty of Versailles which said all was to blame on Germany for WWI o Roosevelt became more and more alarmed at Hitler s aggression as well as his accelerating campaign against German Jews Nazis stripped them of citizenship and property and began to deport them to concentration camps Roosevelt was forced to agree to the policy of appeasement adopted by Britain and France which hoped that by agreeing to Hitler s demands war could be evaded Isolationism o Most Americans believed Japanese and German threat to be distant o Hitler had more than a few admirers in US Many Americans were obsessed with the threat of communism so they believed German power to be the counterweight o Trade continued throughout the 1930s with Japan and Germany o Many Americans believed US involvement in WWI was a mistake Ethnic allegiances reinforced Americans traditional reluctance to enter foreign conflict o Isolationism the 1930s version of Americans long standing desire to avoid foreign entanglements dominated Congress o Beginning in 1935 lawmakers passed a series of neutrality acts that banned travel on belligerents ships and the sale of arms to countries at war These policies were thought of to try to keep US out of war War in Europe o o Munich agreement of 1938 France and Britain caved to Hitler s aggression 1939 Soviet Union proposed an international agreement to oppose further German demands for territory Britain and France saw Germany as a bulwark against the spread of communist influence and refused o Stalin surprised world by signing a nonaggression pact with Hitler his former enemy o September 1 1939 Germany invades Poland Britain and France declared war Within a year Nazi blitzkrieg lightning war had overrun Poland and much of Scandinavia Belgium and the Netherlands 1942 restrictions began on Jewish life within four years 5 6 million of Europe s 7 3 million Jews were killed o June 14 1940 German troops occupy Paris Hitler now occupied nearly all of Europe September 1940 Germany Italy and Japan created a military alliance Axis Toward Intervention o Roosevelt knew that Hitler would become an imposing threat Most Americans wanted to remain out of the war desperately 1940 Congress approved the sale of arms to Britain on a cash and carry meaning that US would be paid in cash and then be trans ported to British ships Plans were also approved for military rearmament o Opponents of American involvement organize the America First Committee Henry Ford Father Coughlin Charles A Lindbergh o 1940 Roosevelt runs for a third term After victory Roosevelt announced that the US would become the arsenal of democracy by providing Britain and China with military supplies o 1941 Lend Lease Act authorized military aid so long as countries promised somehow to return it all after the war FDR also froze Japanese assets in the US halting all trade between the two Pearl Harbor o December 7 1941 Japanese planes launched from aircraft carriers bombed the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii The first attack by a foreign power on American soil since the War of 1812 This was a complete and devastating surprise 2 000 American servicemen killed o Roosevelt asked Congress for a declaration of war Only 1 opposing vote Jeanette Rankin of Montana she also voted against WWI The War in the Pacific o WWII has been called gross national product war meaning that its outcome of the war was based on which country could out produce the other o Early 1942 Japan conquers Burma Siam Dutch Indies It also occupied Guam the Philippines and other Pacific islands German submarines sank hundreds of Allied merchant and naval vessels during the Battle of the Atlantic o May 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea American navy turned back a Japanese fleet intent on attacking Australia In the following month US inflicted devastating losses on the Japanese navy at the Battle of Midway Island US began to advance closer to Japan The War in Europe o By spring of 1943 Allies gained upper hand in the Atlantic as British and American destroyers and planes devastated German submarine fleet o July 1943 American and British force invade Sicily Uprising in Rome overthrew Mussolini government o Major involvement of American troops in Europe did not begin until June 6 1944 D Day nearly 200 000 American British and Canadian soldiers under the command of General Dwight D Eisenhower landed in Normandy in northwestern France By August Paris had been liberated