Management 309 9 9 14 I mainly just filled in the gaps on the slides and highlighted anything that she spent time on or key words Emergence of Organizational Behavior Focuses on behavioral perspectives of management a Draws on psychology sociology anthropology economics and medicine Important organizational behavior topics a Job satisfaction and job stress b Motivation and leadership c Group dynamics and organizational politics d Interpersonal conflict e The design of organizations Behavioral Management Today Contributions a Provided insights into motivation group dynamics and other interpersonal processes i Focused managerial attention on these critical processes b Challenged he view that employees are tools and furthered belief that employees are valuable resources Limitations a Complexity of individuals makes behavior difficult to predict b Concepts are not used because managers are reluctant to adopt them c Research findings are not often communicated to practicing managers in an understandable form Table 2 3 Behavioral Management Quantitative Management Perspective Quantitative Management Perspective a Focuses on decision making economics effectiveness mathematical models and the use of computers to solve quantitative problems Management Science a Focuses on the development of representative mathematical models to assist with decisions Operations management a The practical application of management science to efficiently manage the production and distribution of products and services Quantitative Management Today Contributions a Sophisticated quantitative techniques can assist manages in decision making b Application of is models has increased awareness and understanding of complex processes and situations c It is useful in planning and controlling processes Limitations a Mathematical sophistication may come at the expense of other managerial skills b Its models may require unrealistic or unfounded assumptions limiting their general applicability Integrating Perspectives for Managers Systems Perspective a System i An interrelated set of elements functioning as a whole ii Open system 1 An organization that interacts with its external environment iii Closed system 1 An organization that doesn t interact with its environment iv Subsystems 1 The importance of subsystems is due to their interdependence on each other within the organization Systems Perspective Concepts Concept of synergy a Subsystems are more successful working together in a cooperative and coordinated fashion than working alone b The whole system is more productive and efficient than the sum of its parts Concept of Entropy a A normal process in which an organizational system declines due to its failing to adjust to change in is environment b Entropy can be avoided and the organization re energized through organizational change and renewal Management Perspectives Compared Universal Perspective a Attempted to identify the one best way to manage organizations Contingency Perspective a Suggests that each organization is unique b Appropriate managerial behavior for managing an organization depends is contigent on the current situation in the organizations An integrative framework a Is a complementary way of thinking about theories of management b Involves recognition of current system and subsystem interdependencies environmental influences and the situational nature of management Contemporary Applied Perspective Authors Contemporary Issues and Challenges A sluggish and worrisome economy limits growth Management of an increasingly diverse workforce Employee privacy Technology that promotes telecommuting The role of the internet in business strategy Operating and competing in diverse global markets Ethics in corporate governance and social responsibility Quality as the basis for competition increased productivity and lower costs The shift toward a service economy
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