J110 1ST EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Lectures: 1 – 23Material from Lectures 1-14Living in a Media World- Definition of communication- Four levels of communication- SMCR- Definition of media literacyMedia Effects- Uses and gratifications- Agenda Setting- Cultivation and Mean World Syndrome- Prosocial Media and Children & Adolescents- ElevationThe Media Business- Vertical versus horizontal organization- Be familiar with the biggest media companies - Google and Apple as media business- Long tail and short head- Funding models for media companies- Rupert Murdoch/News Corp.- Ted Turner/CNN- Media globalization- Cultural imperialism- Limits on media conglomeration, FCCNewspapers and Democratic Society- Know what the newspaper industry was like at the beginning of the country (who ownedpapers, who read the early papers, what was the content like)- How and approximately when the penny press changed everything- Yellow journalism and Hearst v. Pulitzer- The development of the norm of objectivity- What is newsworthy (news values)Broadcast Media- Understand the development of television technology (broadcast, cable, satellite, digital)- Understand the development of television news- Understand differences between television news and other types of news- Know the three major broadcast networks- Nielsen and the PeopleMeter- Ratings, shares, and sweeps- Regulation of TV- TV as a major social force- Review “Why TV News Matters…” readingThe Internet- Understand the history of the Internet, ARPAnet, and Tim Berners-Lee- The basics of how the Internet works (e.g., packet switching, WWW)- Understand differences and similarities of the Internet with other media- Principles/values of the Internet- User-generated content and news- The hacker ethic and Net neutrality- Digital privacy issues- Be able to define political observatories in modern terms and understand their relationship with news- Understand why video games are an important form of media todayAdvertising and Public Relations- Industrialization and the birth of consumer culture- Brands - Advertising-supported media- Direct v. Indirect action messages- Research and planning- The creative process and David Ogilvy- Media planning- Targeting and psychographics- Integrated Marketing Communication- Product Placement- The origins of public relations- The government and PR- Functions of PR - Segments of PR- The PR process (ROPES)- Different publics- Media relations- Crisis communication- PR and social media- PR and news- PR and politicsMaterial from Lectures 15-23Media Law• List the major guarantees of the First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.• Limits on First Amendment rights• Three elements of libel and defenses against libel: Defamation, Publication, Identification. Defenses: Truth, privilege, opinions.• New York Times v. Sullivan: MLK and actual malice.• Four forms of invasion of privacy: intrusion, embarrassment, false light, misappropriation• Dr. Sam Sheppard• The courts and media ethics (e.g., Food Lion v. ABC)• Prior restraint• The Pentagon Papers• Shield lawsMovies• Why the movie industry grow up in Los Angeles and not in New York• The studio system• D. W. Griffith• The Hollywood 10 and the HUAC• The Production Code• Movie ratings system• The blockbuster era• Techniques to ensure blockbuster movie success• Bollywood and masala movies Political Communication• Three main political players: Political elite, press, the public• Desires of each of the three players• Traditional political advertising tactics• Effects of negative political ads• Challenges for the three players (Voters: Apathy, Lack of Policy-based news coverage, info-overload)• Implications of candidate profiling operations (e.g., Orca & Narwhal)• He sad/She said reporting• Social media and GOTVEthics• Difference between ethics, law, and morality• Golden mean• Categorical imperative• Utilitarianism• Bok’s model• Veil of ignorance• Hutchins commissions motivation and five responsibilities:• Truthful, comprehensive, intelligent report in context• Forum for exchange of comment and criticism• Project representative picture of groups in society• Present and clarify goals and values of society• Provide full access to the day’s news• Social responsibility model of the press: came out of the Hutchins report.• SPJ code of ethics:Seek truth and report it, Act independently, Minimize harm, Be accountable.• THE POTTER BOX: • Define the situation• Describe important values• Identify ethical principles • Resolve conflicts of loyaltiesGlobal Media• Four theories of the press• Development theory• Five dimensions of the media• Determinants of international news coverage• News coverage of Africa• International news as part of U.S news diet• Criticisms of U.S news coverage of other countries (e.g., helicopter reporting)• McLuhan’s global village conceptRace and Gender in the Media• Components of modern racism• Entman’s four main findings about local TV news• Stereotypes found in sports media (race and gender)• Women and political news coverage• Effects of sexualized female news anchors• Facism Ratio• The Normal Gap• The Doofus Dad stereotypeReview Test1. Walter Lippmann called for the development of ``political observatories'' because...A. Government was cracking down on news organizations.B. Journalism was fueling overly rapid democratization.C. Journalists were becoming too knowledgable and needed to be controlled.D. None of the above.2. Net neutrality is important ...A. To make sure everyone gets free internet.B. To make sure internet providers can't favor transmission of some content over other content.C. To prevent advertisers from inflating the cost of internet subscriptions.D. To make sure web sites are balanced in their coverage of ideology.3. Direct action advertising is aimed at ...A. Getting audiences to feel good about a product.B. Getting audiences to take a particular action.C. Preventing audiences from filing lawsuits against particular companies.D. Encouraging audiences to think a certain way about a political issue.4. Ivy Lee favored honesty in dealing with the press because ...A. It was the