J110 1ST Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last LectureI. Long Tail Media VS. Short Head MediaII. Media Industrya. Vertical Integrationb. Horizontal Integrationc. Globalizationd. Limits on Media ConglomerationOutline of Current LectureI. Newspapers and the Newsa. What is News?b. Early Newspapersc. Colonial Publishingd. Early American Newspaperse. Penny Press RevolutionII. Reflections of a Democratic Societya. Modern Democratic Societyb. Joseph Pulitzerc. William Randolph Hearstd. TabloidsIII. Newspapers Todaya. 21st Century NewspapersNEWSPAPERS AND THE NEWSWhat is news?1. Timeliness – News is NEW!2. Proximity3. Prominence4. Impact5. Rarity6. Human InterestEarly Newspapers- Ancient Romeo Acta Diurna- China (600s)o Tpao- Amsterdam (1618)o Curanto 1st English-language paper Distributed through European coffee houses Church reformers John Calvin & Martin Luther were among earliest publishersColonial Publishing1690: Publick Occurrences- Only lasted for 1 edition- Went out of business due to government intervention1721: New England Curant- James Franklin (Ben’s brother)- 1st paper published without “By Authority” notice- James sent to prison- Ben took overEarly American Newspapers- For the elite- Published by political parties- Focused on opinion- Expensive, small circulationso Everything changed with penny pressPenny Press Revolution- Benjamin Day’s The New York Sun – “It shines for us all”- Sold on street for 1 or 2 cents- Supported by advertising - Started to focus on “news”- Journalistic objectivity developed as a way to appeal to larger audienceso Multiple sides of an issueo Avoiding appearance of biasREFLECTIONS OF A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETYModern Democratic Society- More newspapers- More people working for wages- U.S. was changing – RURAL Urban- Promoted a democratic market-based societyJoseph Pulitzer- New York World- Creation of front page- Headlines with news- Targeted immigrants and womenWilliam Randolph Hearst- New York Journal- Rise of “yellow journalism”- Popularized comics- Sensationalistic storieso Fueled flames of the Spanish-American WarTabloids- Smaller format- SensationalisticNEWSPAPERS TODAY- Few cities have competing daily newspapers- Revenues falling- Worst problems in metropolitan papers - Most owned by large chainso GannetAre Newspaper Dying?- National newspapers = profitableo Holding onto circulation- Most job losses have been at major urban papers- Most going to all-online format21st Century Newspapers- Trying to get paid for online content- Offering mobile sites, podcast, and social media feed- Paying more atention to hyperlocal news- “News McNuggets” = USA
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