SPH-R 311 1nd EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 11-14Lecture 11 (October 13)What is power? Power is the potential ability to influence behavior, to change the course of events, to overcome resistance, and to get people to do things that they would not otherwise do What are the different types of power?The different types of power are legitimate power, reward power, coercive power, referent power and expert power.Define the different types of power. Legitimate power is acquired by virtue of position. Reward power is one person’s controlof another person’s rewards. Coercive power is the ability that one person has to punish another. Referent power is based upon an individual’s charisma and another person’s identification with this quality. Expert power accrues because of special knowledge or skill a person has. Who decides who has the power?Public opinion, the media, courts, and people within an organization decide who has thepower. What is politics? Politics is ability to use bases of power effectively. It uses resources, information and technical skills to their fullest in bargaining. Politics exercise power with sensitivity to feeling of others. What are the five personality types?The five personality types are overs and shakers, great citizens, town gossip, whiners andtechies.Define the five personality types. Movers and shakers far exceed the boundaries of their positions while great citizens are hard working, organizational loving, seek slow but steady long term advancement. Towngossipers always know what is going on and whiners are never satisfied with whatever is done. Techies are technically competent workers who legitimately have a high value.What are the characteristics of being politically savvy? The characteristics of being politically savvy are being friendly with everyone, don’t party at company parties, manage your boss, get a mentor, be trustworthy, protect yourself and be visible. Lecture 12 (October 15) Define informal structure. Informal structure is what happens naturally in organizations. It is the set of unofficial relations among members within an organization. Define formal structure. Formal structure encompasses the roles assigned to individuals. It is the official structureof the organization. What is organizational culture?Organizational culture is the shared meanings that people assign to their social surroundings. It is constantly evolving and is a set of characteristics that define a business. It involves employee attitudes, standards, rites and rituals. Organizational culture includes behavioral regularities when people interact, norms that evolve in working groups, dominant values supported, philosophy guiding the organization, and rules for getting along in the organization. What are the four types of cultures that fall under organizational culture? Define them. The four types are thick culture, thin culture, dominant culture, and sub-cultures. Thick cultures occur where the members agree about the importance of certain values and employ them in their daily routines. Thin cultures occur in organizations where the membership is constantly changing. Dominant culture reflects the core values of the majority of people and sub-cultures are cultures within a culture. What is an organizational climate mean?Organizational climate is a cultural artifact resulting from championed values and assumptions. It is an atmosphere evolving through time with a particular mixture of staff.How does one develop positive organizational culture and climate? Positive organizational culture and climate is created by encouraging openness, flexibilityand teamwork, by committing to diversity throughout the organization, by keeping a customer service orientation, by building a sense of community, and focusing on quality improvement. Lecture 13 (October 20)What are some important skills for managers to possess? Important skills for managers to have are technical skills, human/interpersonal skills and conceptual skills. Define those skills. Technical skills are the ability to manage things. They include organizational methods and technical skills. Human/interpersonal skills are group work and building an atmosphere of cooperation inside one’s team and communication. Conceptual skills include conceptualizing the organization as a whole and make decisions based on this understanding, visioning and planning. Define competency. Competency is any individual characteristic that can be measured and can differentiate between strong and ineffective performance in the workplace. It is defined through the observable behaviors someone demonstrates on the job. What are the three main categories of competencies? The three main categories of competencies are people, business and self-management. Define trust.Trust is having faith that people and the organization as a whole will do what they say they will do. Their actions are credible. How can trust be encouraged?Trust can be encouraged by asking for input and putting it to use, doing what you say you will do, and delegating effectively. What is delegation?Delegation saves time, develops people and grooms a successor. It is built on trust, transfers a degree of power and accountability, and authorizes and sends a person as a representative. When is delegation effective?Delegation is effective if people choose carefully who to delegate too, if the responsibility and assignments of delegation are clear, if the performance objectives are clear, if the relationship is trusting, and the delegate is there to help when needed. What are the six myths of delegation? The six myths of delegation are you can’t trust your employees to be responsible, when you delegate, you lose control of a task and its outcome, you are the only one who has all the answer, you can do the work faster by yourself, delegation dilutes your authority and the organization recognizes your employees for doing a good job, not you. Lecture 14 (November 5) What percentages of employees suffer from stress related disorders?25% of employees suffer from stress related disorders. Define external stress.External stress is life events and outside stressors like a job.Define internal stress.Internal stress is how we process those external triggers. List some indicators of stress.Some indicators of stress are aggression, hostility, headaches, mood swings, high blood pressure, ulcers, fatigue, and poor judgment. What is burnout?Burnout is a form of excessive stress or our