• The Internet• Basics– What makes it possible to interconnect millions of devices in more than 100 countries?• The Internet• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)– provides a key to retrieve information on the Web (http://example.com/) • Domain names help provide unique addresses – 3rdleveldomainname.– 2ndleveldomainname.– Topleveldomainname– meangreen.unt.edu• Internet Basics• Cyberspace ownership? Who owns the it? – No one• Internet Society– comprised of Internet users (anyone can join)– World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • develops guidelines and specifications for the Web• MIT Lab for CS, European Research Consortium, & Keio University– standards and protocols are decided upon by voluntary consultative groups• The Internet• Effects on Other Electronic Media– Less time watching TV (depends on what you mean by TV)• Are we about to become platform agnostic?– Video in many ways is following in the footsteps of radio/audio• File-sharing programs• Devices• Streaming • CD sales dropped about 35% from 2007 to 2010• Digital downloads increased by 46% for the same period• Audio’s story intertwined with music industry• June 1999, Napster allowed users to search for and swap music on the web– College students joined Napster almost immediately• RIAA sued for copyright infringement in December 1999– Metallica and other bands threatened to sue Napster• In 2001, Court order shut Napster down• Morpheus, LimeWire, BitTorrent examples of peer-to-peer sharing• The Internet• Effects on Entertainment• The Internet is the 2nd most popular source of entertainment, behind TV• Social networking sites: 60-70% consider them entertainment• Video-sharing sites and apps are a new source of entertainment• Online video gaming • Electronic and Interactive Gaming• Started with Spacewar in 1962– Developed by Harvard researcher Stephen Russell and friends• Industry today estimated at more than $20 billion (2009)• The Internet• Effects on News– The Internet is now a significant competitor to traditional news media– More than 60% of Americans get their news online– Increased competition has resulted in declining audiences for traditional news– Social media has become part of the news reporting landscape– More reliance on “citizen reporters”• Portals, Social Nets, etc.• Portal - defined as an “entrance” or “doorway” • Internet Portals - starting places for cyberjourneys– Portals can provide a startup page for browsing– Portals provide link pages and information about other websites (aggregate)– May provide space for advertisers• Communities - places where people can congregate– Discussion forums - places to trade ideas– Social Networks– Online games - special interactive game sites• Blogs – personal journal (opinions, news, topics, etc.) • The Internet• Effects on Promotion and Marketing• The Internet• Broadcasters use the web for cross-promotion– ABCnews.com provides streaming of newscast segments– 60 Minutes web stories match weekly TV show stories– NBC.Com• Webisodes• National Public Radio allows listeners to download radio segments on the Web• Entertainment sites provide information about storylines and stars on websites• Special ventures• Apps coordinate promotions between traditional media and the Internet via mobile devices• Teletext and Videotext• Teletext delivered by OTA TV– CEEFAX – • A pioneering information service in Great Britain delivered information within the “blanking” of the TV signal (1973)• Videotext delivered by wire– Videotex – • Experiments in the U.S. sponsored by newspapers (delivered by telephone; late 1970s)– Videotext via telephone – • France’s Minitel sent data services via the national telephone system (1980)• Prodigy and America Online - Early ISPs• ISPs - Internet Service Providers– The Source – • an early home information utility (computer bulletin board ) linked home computers to a central server (acquired by Reader’s Digest)– Compuserve • acquired by H & R Block (Now Owned by AOL)– Prodigy • Differed from earlier services (Sears/IBM Joint Venture)– Provided monthly services for a flat fee– Used a graphical interface– Contained advertising embedded in the screens– America Online • Originally Quantum Computer Company– Provided new services– Support for gamers– Chat rooms and discussion forums helped AOL distinguish itself– Telephone access costs decreased– Newer computers like Apple’s Macintosh introduced ease of use– Color displays replaced monochrome displays • ISPs Grow, Business Plans Fail• World Wide Web and Internet browser Mosaic (1993)– spurred growth of local, independent Internet Service Providers • Sudden growth of independent ISPs – challenged AOL, Prodigy and the Source• “Churn” became a problem • Newspapers and broadcasters began experimenting with content• Early ISPs• Changes in technology during the 1980s– Modems increased in speed• The Internet• The Mobile Internet– In 2010: more than 20 million laptop computers with wireless net access– More than 50 million people used their cell phones to connect to the Internet– Increasing use of mobile devices to watch TV• Oh Gee, can I have that to go? …1G, 2G, 3G, 4G & Beyond• 1G– Analog Cellular• 2G– Voice Only• 3G– Voice and Data• 3-7+ Mbps• 4G– Long-Term Evolution (Proprietary)• 100/50 Mbps – WiMax (Open)• 40-70Mbps – Super WiFi IEEE standard 802.22 as a wireless regional area network (WRAN) standard• 22Mbps symmetrical• 3.5G?– High Speed Packet Access – 7.2 to 21 Mbps have been reported (42 Mbps said to be possible)• Audio and Video on the Web• Podcasting: distributing an audio file that can be downloaded for later listening• Streaming: using a Web browser to view or listen to a file rather than downloading it• 2008: Podcasting In the Future• Types of Online Radio Stations• Online stations that are affiliated with a broadcast station• Aggregators• Choice-based sites• Format-specific, Internet-only stations• Monetizing Online Radio• Online radio makes money from:– Selling advertisement space– User subscription fees– A combination of ads and subscriptions– Direct selling• Online Radio Stations• Audiences and Content– More than 60 million people listen to Internet radio every