HBM 235 1st Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last LectureI. Government’s Role in TourismOutline of Current LectureCurrent LectureI. Tourism Organizations A. Global Organizations = UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organization)1. UN Millennium Development Goals:-End hunger-Universal education -Gender equality-Child health, etc. B. Regional Organizations = PATA (Pacific Asia Travel Association1. Simulate tourism in a remote regional area C. Supranational Organization = Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat 1. Lots of different countries are apart of it and help govern- like the European Union 2. Same thing in tourism D. National Organization = Canadian Tourism Commission1. USA has never had this E. Sate Organizations = Share Your Washington1. Washington state doesn’t have their own state organization F. Community Organizations= Washington Restaurant Association; Washington Lodging Association; Washington Tourism Alliance*Difference between regional and supranational- supranational countries are stakeholders in theorganization, help govern itII. EXAM REVIEW -Which of the following is not an example of an external shock that can impact tourism-The destination has a dysfunctional government;  internal -According to distance decay, travel demand between two points decreases as time and cost increase. -Name two things discussed in class that can contribute to the uneven distribution of international tourism activity-Uneven distribution of tourism; -Tourism is an export because the experience is being exported -A system that can be assured to make quality assurance- Quality assurance -Luxury item, not an necessity- High price elasticity of demand -Opportunity cost- with a scenario -Developing countries have an advantage- opportunity cost is low; have the “raw materials” required to be an attractive destination -Market product orientation- sells the need of the consumer; consumer emphasis -Product Orientation- product is the emphasis-Suppressed demand- people who do not travel; potential demand; may be inclined to travel-Deferred demand- something wrong on the destination side; like not enough tour guides-Infrastructure assistance- assumes the cost of infrastructure needs-Marketing means offering the right: Product, Person, Place/time, and Price-Leakage: increasing foreign exchange earnings; get money into system and keep it there; prevent leakages-Segmentation- looks at who is coming first- backward segmentation- strength: flexible; down- let something happen to you, not proactive; Forward segmentation looks at who is going; proactive -Travel propensity- % of market that travels-Travel Frequency- how often people travel -Five pillars of sustainable tourism: Maximize profits and multiplier effect, making sure local people benefit, ensure visitor satisfaction protect natural resources, …?-High multiplier mean money circulating -Low multiplier -Trade surplus –exporting more than you are buying -Trade deficit-Anthropocentric- environmental conscious but for his own benefit -Ecocentric- environmentally conscious for nature’s benefit -Establish- change or reinforce position in tourist’s mind-Front desk- example of direct employment to tourism -Explain the tourism environmental paradox: poorly managed tourism development can destroy that which attracts visitors in the first place -Foreign investment