HBM 235 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last LectureI. Instructions and OverviewII. Selecting a groupIII. OverviewIV. Headings in paperV. Oral Presentation Outline of Current LectureI. Test ReviewII. Ch1III. Ch10IV. Ch11V. Ch12VI. Ch13Current LectureReminders: Wednesday and Friday Feb 12th and Feb 14th Meet in Terrell I. Test Review: Ch. 1,10, 11, 12, & 13A. 40 QuestionsB. True and False and Multiple ChoiceII. Ch 1- The destination MixA. Destination Mix: attractions, facilities, transportation, hospitality resources, infrastructure1. Infrastructure-Physical and Organizational 2. Facilities: hotels, bars, and restaurants, etc.3. Hospitality resources: service providers, general public, tour guides, etc. B. Primary and Secondary destinations1. Different for each touristC. Ownership Types1. Private2. Public/gov3. Nonprofit D. Intrinsic attributes1. Climate2. Natural resources3. Culture4. History5. Ethnicity E. Cultural Commoditization: culture is bought and sold on the marketplace. Sold for tourism 1. Positive and Negative aspects of cultural commoditizationF. Accessibility (help and hinder?) G. Display rules, emotional labor1. Different components of emotional labor: -Surface acting-Deep acting*Example test question: Provide an example of a tourist market segment?-18 to 25 year old from Germany who are obsessed with pagan death rituals. *What is one positive and on negative aspect of cultural commoditization?Positive: Keep cultures alive, empowerment, prideNegative: loose authenticity, meaning*Inaccessibility is always a bad thing for all market segments-False*Emotional Intelligence __is the ability to identify, assess, manage and control one’s emotions*Which f the following attractions most likely has non-profit ownership type?-MuseumIII. Ch. 10 Forces Shaping TourismA. Two components of Culture: the iceberg1. Two aspects of visible (external) culture, and two aspects of internal culture-External: clothing, music, body art, language-Internal: Values, attitudes, experience, and beliefsB. Hofstede’s dimensions of culture1. Employee can talk and joke with boss- Low power distance2. Anxious about uncertainty- High uncertainty avoidanceC. Stanley Plog and his continuum: Venturers v. Dependables 1. Venturer: likes to learn about new cultures, intellectually curious, travels often, spends a lot when traveling- Attracting “Near Dependables” is the best long-term strategy for developing tourism-False*Which of the following would be a “Near Venturer” most likely prefer?-Trip to Paris, France to visit the museums and Eifel TowerIV. Ch. 11 Why People Take VacationsA. Push and Pull Factors (Examples)1. Push-psychological needs and desires-Escape, reconnect, novelty, relax, adventureB. Pull-Characteristics of destination-Climate, location, sandy beaches*Homeostasis disrupted when need deficiency Which of the following is a push factor- A traveler’s desire to get awayV. Ch. 12 Selecting a Destination A. Components of info search-Internal-External: Social lifeB. Consumer generated content: review websitesC. Organic vs. Induced image (examples)D. Functional vs. psychological characteristics1. Functional: things that are measureable; crime rates, miles of beach, square miles2. Psychological: immeasurable; rugged, serene, beautiful E. Destinations image and self-congruityF. Positive and negative disconfirmation 1. Expectation and performance gap *Why do we engage in information search before traveling?- To reduce risk *Organic –news stories impact tourism destination *To want to travel to a place to match her ideal social self- self congruity *Traveling surpasses traveler’s expectations- Positive confirmation VI. Ch 13. Travel PurchaseA. Model of travel decision-making process1. All existing destinations-Unawareness set or Awareness set-Evoked set, surrogate set, or exclusion set-Dream set, unavailable set, available set-Final Choice2. Market, consideration, constraint, choice*Surrogate Set: wants to travel to Ireland but right now is not a priority destination so she will keep as an alternative for the