Arp Displays and modifies entries in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache, which contains one or more tables that are used to store IP addresses and their resolved Ethernet or Token Ring physical addresses. There is a separate table for each Ethernet or Token Ring network adapter installed on your computer. Used without parameters, arp displays help.Syntax: arp [-a [InetAddr] [-N IfaceAddr]] [-g [InetAddr] [-N IfaceAddr]] [-d InetAddr [IfaceAddr]] [-s InetAddr EtherAddr [IfaceAddr]]Parameters-a [InetAddr] [-N IfaceAddr]Displays current ARP cache tables for all interfaces. To display the ARP cache entry for a specific IP address, use arp -a with the InetAddr parameter, where InetAddr is an IP address. To display the ARP cache table for a specific interface, use the -N IfaceAddr parameter where IfaceAddr is the IP address assigned to the interface. The -N parameter is case-sensitive.-g [InetAddr] [-N IfaceAddr]Identical to -a.-d InetAddr [IfaceAddr]Deletes an entry with a specific IP address, where InetAddr is the IP address. To delete an entry in a table for a specific interface, use the IfaceAddr parameter where IfaceAddr is the IP address assigned to the interface. To delete all entries, use the asterisk (*) wildcard character in place of InetAddr.-s InetAddr EtherAddr [IfaceAddr]Adds a static entry to the ARP cache that resolves the IP address InetAddr to the physical address EtherAddr. To add a static ARP cache entry to the table for a specific interface, use the IfaceAddr parameter where IfaceAddr is an IP address assigned to the interface./?Displays help at the command prompt.Examples To display the ARP cache tables for all interfaces, type: arp -aConvert Converts FAT and FAT32 volumes to NTFS.Syntax: convert [volume] /fs:ntfs [/v] [/cvtarea:FileName] [/nosecurity] [/x]ParametersvolumeSpecifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or volume name to convert to NTFS./fs:ntfsRequired. Converts the volume to NTFS./vSpecifies verbose mode, that is, all messages will be displayed during conversion./nosecuritySpecifies that the converted files and directory security settings are accessible by everyone./xDismounts the volume, if necessary, before it is converted. Any open handles to the volume will no longer be valid.Examples: To convert the volume on drive E to NTFS and display all messages, type: convert e: /fs:ntfs /vIpconfig Displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and refreshes Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain Name System (DNS) settings. Used without parameters, ipconfig displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all adapters.Syntax: ipconfig [/all] [/renew [Adapter]] [/release [Adapter]]Parameters/allDisplays the full TCP/IP configuration for all adapters. Without this parameter, ipconfig displays only the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway values for each adapter. Adapters can represent physical interfaces, such as installed network adapters, or logical interfaces, such as dial-up connections./renew [Adapter]Renews DHCP configuration for all adapters (if an adapter is not specified) or for a specific adapter if the Adapter parameter is included. This parameter is available only on computers with adapters that are configured to obtain an IP address automatically. To specify an adapter name, type the adapter name that appears when you use ipconfig without parameters./release [Adapter]Sends a DHCPRELEASE message to the DHCP server to release the current DHCP configuration and discard the IP address configuration for either all adapters (if an adapter is not specified) or for a specific adapter if the Adapter parameter is included. This parameter disables TCP/IP for adapters configured to obtain an IP address automatically. To specify an adapter name, type the adapter name that appears when you use ipconfig without parameters./?Displays help at the command prompt.Examples: To display the basic TCP/IP configuration for all adapters, type: ipconfigNbtstat Displays NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) protocol statistics, NetBIOS name tables for both the local computer and remote computers, and the NetBIOS name cache. Nbtstat allows a refresh of the NetBIOS name cache and the names registered with Windows Internet Name Service (WINS). Used without parameters, nbtstat displays help.Syntax: nbtstat [-a RemoteName] [-A IPAddress] [-c] [-n] [-r]Parameters-a RemoteNameDisplays the NetBIOS name table of a remote computer, where RemoteName is the NetBIOS computer name of the remote computer. The NetBIOS name table is the list of NetBIOS names that corresponds to NetBIOS applications running on that computer-A IPAddressDisplays the NetBIOS name table of a remote computer, specified by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) of the remote computer-cDisplays the contents of the NetBIOS name cache, the table of NetBIOS names and their resolved IP addresses-nDisplays the NetBIOS name table of the local computer. The status of Registered indicates that the name is registered either by broadcast or with a WINS server-rDisplays NetBIOS name resolution statistics. On a Windows XP computer that is configured to use WINS, this parameter returns the number of names that have been resolved and registered using broadcast and WINS/?Displays help at the command promptNetstat Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening, Ethernet statistics, the IP routing table, IPv4 statistics (for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP protocols), and IPv6 statistics (for the IPv6, ICMPv6, TCP over IPv6, and UDP over IPv6 protocols). Used without parameters, netstat displays active TCP connections.Syntax: netstat [-a] [-e] [-n] [-o] [-p Protocol] [-r] [-s] [Interval]Parameters-aDisplays all active TCP connections and the TCP and UDP ports on which the computer is listening-eDisplays Ethernet statistics, such as the number of bytes and packets sent and received. This parameter can be combined with -s-nDisplays active TCP connections, however, addresses and port numbers are expressed numerically and no attempt is made to determine names-oDisplays active TCP connections and includes the process ID (PID) for each connection. You can find the application based on the PID on the Processes tab in Windows Task Manager. This parameter can be combined with -a, -n, and -p-p ProtocolShows connections for the protocol specified by Protocol. In this case, the Protocol can be tcp, udp, tcpv6, or udpv6. If this parameter is used with