11Disk management(Week 5, Monday 2/5/2007)© Abdou Illia, Spring 20072Learning Objective Understand difference between Basic disk Dynamic disk Understand difference between Spanned volume, Striped volume, Mirrored volume, RAID-5 volume Learn about W2003 Disk Backup procedure Learn about mounting drives Understand UPS Fault-Tolerance configuration3Preparing a DiskPreparation tasks: Initializing the disk, i.e. defining disk’s storage structure Basic disk storage vs. Dynamic disk storageCreating partitions or volumes Formatting the disk Using FAT16, FAT32, or NTFS24W2003 and Storage types W2003 supports two types of data storage: Basic disk storage Dynamic disk storageWhen W2003 is installed, all existing physic disks are initialized as basic disks New physical disks added to a computer running W2003 are recognized basic disks5Basic disk: Primary partitions A basic disk uses traditional disk management techniques Data on basic disks can be accessed by all operating systems A basic disk can contain up to 4 primary partitionsPrimary partition 1Primary partition 2Primary partition 3Primary partition 4C:\Part1D:\Part2E:\Part3F:\Part4Primary partitions A primary partition is a portion of a physical disk that functions as though it were a physically separate disk. You create a primary partition, then you format it with a file system (FAT or NTFS), then assign a drive letter and a label to it. One of the primary partitions must be the system partition, i.e. the partition that contains the files required to start the OS (boot.ini, etc.) the partition marked as the active partition (It’s almost always the logical drive C)The partition that contains the OS files is called the boot partition It’s where the \WINDOWS folder resides The boot partition could be either a primary partition or an extended partitionNote: With GPT (GUID partition table) disk-partitioning scheme that is used by the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) in Itanium-based computers, we can create up to 128 (primary) partitions per disk 6Basic disk: Extended partition A Basic disk may also contain Up to 3 primary partitions and 1 extended partition that could be divided in multiple logical drives.Primary partition 1Primary partition 2Primary partition 3Extended partitionC:\Part1D:\Part2E:\Part3F:\Logical1G:\Logical2H:\Logical3Primary partitionsExtended partition• A special kind of partition used in order to exceed the 4-partition limit of basic disks.• May be divided into several logical drives• After you create a logical drive, you format it and assign it a drive letter and a label.• May contain the OS files, i.e. the \WINDOWS folder37Dynamic disk Created by upgrading a Basic disk using the Disk Management tool Logical representation of the basic disk that can be divided in units called volumes One could virtually create an unlimited number of volumes Volumes are similar to partitions with additional capabilitiesVolume C:Volume D:Volume E:Logical Disk Manager – LDM partition (1 MB)Etc…. Advantages of Dynamic disks over basic disk: Volumes could be extended/resized* Ability to create fault-tolerant volumes. Could reactivate missing or offline disks Disk settings could be changed without restarting computer.Special partition automatically created to store the configuration of the diskVolume F:Volume G:* Except the system volume and the boot volume. NTFS file system required.8Types of Dynamic disks’ volumes Simple volume Spanned volume Striped volume (RAID-0) Mirrored volume (RAID-1) RAID-5 volume9Spanned volume Consists of disk space on 2 to up to 32 physical disks Space on first disk filled. Then, space on 2nddisk, etc. Not fault-tolerant and cannot be mirrored.Physical Disk 1Physical Disk 2DataPhysical Disk 3Spanned volume with own letter drive (e.g. G, F, …410Striped volume (RAID 0) Stores data in stripes on 2 to up to 32 physical disks. Same as Spanned volume, but W2003 optimize performance by writing data to all disks at the same time. Data is written in 64 KB blocks across rows in the volume Striped volumes are not fault-tolerant. If a disk in a striped volume fails, the data in the entire volume is lost. 11Mirrored volume (RAID 1) Duplicates data on 2 physical disks Fault-tolerant volume: If one of the physical disks fails, same data available on second disk Disk read performance is equal to non-mirrored disk Disk write time is doubledfile1 file3file2 file4file1 file3file2 file4Using Disk Management tool for creating a mirrored volume1) Right-click free space on one disk2) Click Create volume3) Choose the Mirrored volume option in the Create Volume Wizard12RAID-5 volume Fault-tolerant volume that requires a minimum of 3 disks Data is written in 64 KB blocks across rows in the volume Uses Parity; i.e. a calculated value used to reconstruct data after a failure Write speed slower than with a striped volume. Read speed is same. b/c for writing, parity information must be computed, and then written. Actual storage space for data is n-1/n where n = number of disksDisk 1Disk 2Disk 3Disk 4Disk 5Parity Data Data Data DataData Parity Data Data DataData Data Parity Data DataData Data Data Parity DataData Data Data Data Parity513Converting Basic diskto Dynamic disk For the conversion to succeed: Any disks to be converted must contain at least 1 MB. Once converted: a dynamic disk will not contain primary partitions or logical drives a dynamic disk cannot be accessed by MS-DOS, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT, or Windows XP Home Edition When you convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk: any existing partitions or logical drives on the basic disk become simple volumes on the dynamic disk. 14Converting Basic to Dynamic diskSimple volume for each logical drive and any remaining allocated space.Extended partitionSimple volumePrimary partitionStriped volumeStripe setSimple volumeVolume setMirror volumeMirror setRAID-5 volumeStripe set with paritySimple volume (not extensible)Boot partitionSimple volume (not extensible)System partitionDynamic disk organizationBasic Disk organizationWin. NT 4.0Using Disk Management tool for conversion1) Right-click the Basic disk2) Click Upgrade to Dynamic disk15Converting Dynamic to Basic disk The disk must be empty before you
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